AA22-223A: #StopRansomware: Zeppelin Ransomware

August 11, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

Original release date: August 11, 2022

Summary

Actions to take today to mitigate cyber threats from ransomware:

• Prioritize remediating known exploited vulnerabilities.
• Train users to recognize and report phishing attempts.
• Enable and enforce multifactor authentication.

Note: this joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) is part of an ongoing #StopRansomware effort to publish advisories for network defenders that detail various ransomware variants and ransomware threat actors. These #StopRansomware advisories include recently and historically observed tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) and indicators of compromise (IOCs) to help organizations protect against ransomware. Visit stopransomware.gov to see all #StopRansomware advisories and to learn more about other ransomware threats and no-cost resources.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) are releasing this joint CSA to disseminate known Zeppelin ransomware IOCs and TTPs associated with ransomware variants identified through FBI investigations as recently as 21 June 2022.

The FBI and CISA encourage organizations to implement the recommendations in the Mitigations section of this CSA to reduce the likelihood and impact of ransomware incidents.

Download the PDF version of this report: pdf, 999 kb

Download the YARA signature for Zeppelin: YARA Signature, .yar 125 kb

Technical Details

Note: this advisory uses the MITRE ATT&CK® for Enterprise framework, version 11. See MITRE ATT&CK for Enterprise for all referenced tactics and techniques.

Zeppelin ransomware is a derivative of the Delphi-based Vega malware family and functions as a Ransomware as a Service (RaaS). From 2019 through at least June 2022, actors have used this malware to target a wide range of businesses and critical infrastructure organizations, including defense contractors, educational institutions, manufacturers, technology companies, and especially organizations in the healthcare and medical industries. Zeppelin actors have been known to request ransom payments in Bitcoin, with initial amounts ranging from several thousand dollars to over a million dollars.

Zeppelin actors gain access to victim networks via RDP exploitation [T1133], exploiting SonicWall firewall vulnerabilities [T1190], and phishing campaigns [T1566]. Prior to deploying Zeppelin ransomware, actors spend one to two weeks mapping or enumerating the victim network to identify data enclaves, including cloud storage and network backups [TA0007]. Zeppelin actors can deploy Zeppelin ransomware as a .dll or .exe file or contained within a PowerShell loader. [1]

Prior to encryption, Zeppelin actors exfiltrate [TA0010] sensitive company data files to sell or publish in the event the victim refuses to pay the ransom. Once the ransomware is executed, a randomized nine-digit hexadecimal number is appended to each encrypted file as a file extension, e.g., file.txt.txt.C59-E0C-929 [T1486]. A note file with a ransom note is left on compromised systems, frequently on the desktop (see figure 1 below).

"Figure 1: This is an illustration of a note file with a ransom note is left on compromised systems, frequently on the desktop."

The FBI has observed instances where Zeppelin actors executed their malware multiple times within a victim’s network, resulting in the creation of different IDs or file extensions, for each instance of an attack; this results in the victim needing several unique decryption keys.

Indicators of Compromise (IOC)

See table 1 below for IOCs as of June 2022 obtained from FBI incident response investigations.

MD5	SHA1	SHA256
981526650af8d6f8f20177a26abb513a	4fee2cb5c98abbe556e9c7ccfebe9df4f8cde53f	001938ed01bfde6b100927ff8199c65d1bff30381b80b846f2e3fe5a0d2df21d
c25d45e9bbfea29cb6d9ee0d9bf2864d	eaeff8d315cca71e997063a2baec5cc73fad9453	a42185d506e08160cb96c81801fbe173fb071f4a2f284830580541e057f4423b
183b6b0c90c1e0276a2015752344a4cf	1cb5e8132302b420af9b1e5f333c507d8b2a2441	aa7e2d63fc991990958dfb795a0aed254149f185f403231eaebe35147f4b5ebe
9349e1cc3de7c7f6893a21bd6c3c4a6b	db398e38ee6221df7e4aa49d8f96799cca4d87e1	a2a9385cbbcfacc2d541f5bd92c38b0376b15002901b2fd1cc62859e161a8037
c8f75487d0d496a3746e6c81a5ecc6dc	4b91a91a98a2f0128c80f8ceeef0f5d293adf0cd	54d567812eca7fc5f2ff566e7fb8a93618b6d2357ce71776238e0b94d55172b1
477eedb422041385e59a4fff72cb97c1	9892cc90e6712d3548e45f34f14f362bccedf0be	fb59f163a2372d09cd0fc75341d3972fdd3087d2d507961303656b1d791b17c6
5841ef35aaff08bb03d25e5afe3856a2	ffd228b0d7afe7cab4e9734f7093e7ba01c5a06e	1e3c5a0aa079f8dfcc49cdca82891ab78d016a919d9810120b79c5deb332f388
d6c4b253ab1d169cf312fec12cc9a28f	0f47c279fea1423c7a0e7bc967d9ff3fae7a0de8	347f14497df4df73bc414f4e852c5490b12db991a4b3811712bac7476a3f1bc9
fba7180ad49d6a7f3c60c890e2784704	f561f9e3c949fe87f12dbfa166ffb2eb85712419	7d8c4c742689c097ac861fcbf7734709fd7dcab1f7ef2ceffb4b0b7dec109f55
bc6c991941d9afbd522fa0a2a248a97a	a243ce234fc8294e2e2e526418b4eaadc2d6c84f	37c320983ae4c1fd0897736a53e5b0481edb1d1d91b366f047aa024b0fc0a86e
f3490951ae51922cb360a3d76a670159	e2cb60be111716e32db7ca2365ad6e73c30f0e21	894b03ed203cfa712a28ec472efec0ca9a55d6058115970fe7d1697a3ddb0072
e4f1f05c2e6c3fc2f3336a8c8799ffb4	dbd9fcf2b05e703d34181c46f4c22392b9fcc1da	307877881957a297e41d75c84e9a965f1cd07ac9d026314dcaff55c4da23d03e
aa2048271f0aef3383480ce4a7c93b52	512b16ea74027fa4d0055831de5e51278812c8de	bafd3434f3ba5bb9685e239762281d4c7504de7e0cfd9d6394e4a85b4882ff5d
f66b738e1bfe1f8aab510abed850c424	571f50fee0acad1da39fe06c75116461800cc719	faa79c796c27b11c4f007023e50509662eac4bca99a71b26a9122c260abfb3c6
bb30f050546f5d6e61fafc59eaf097c3	ee44179f64918f72a8d2e88a5074d89efab3d81b	e48cf17caffc40815efb907e522475722f059990afc19ac516592231a783e878
78621f1e196497d440afb57f4609fcf9	eed7c3bb3fc5181b88abeed2204997f350324022	4a4be110d587421ad50d2b1a38b108fa05f314631066a2e96a1c85cc05814080
f4e0ee0200de397691748a2cdcd7e34a	bd3f6b878284a63c72e8354e877e3f48d6fca53c	9ef90ec912543cc24e18e73299296f14cb2c931a5d633d4c097efa372ae59846
cf5a358a22326f09fd55983bb812b7d8	1addcffae4fd4211ea24202783c2ffad6771aa34	dd89d939c941a53d6188232288a3bd73ba9baf0b4ca6bf6ccca697d9ee42533f
7afe492a38ca6f27e24028aab68406b5	5870a3adbce9737319f3c9461586d5f2afbc7adb	79d6e498e7789aaccd8caa610e8c15836267c6a668c322111708cf80bc38286c
1da1c0115caca5ebf064380eb7490041	5edb8b651c7013ebaba2eb81c87df76a1e0724d6	b22b3625bcce7b010c0ee621434878c5f8d7691c2a101ae248dd221a70668ac0
8c3c663ffcf363d087f4e114a79945ca	905726d178962dd1d7fe87504d051aca440740b8	961fbc7641f04f9fed8391c387f01d64435dda6af1164be58c4cb808b08cc910
17c5cae3bce5832dd42986fe612517d9	6f70e73c53d7622d8c4808ae7849133df1343484	d618c1ccd24d29e911cd3e899a4df2625155297e80f4c5c1354bc2e79f70768c
bfe7f54f1f0640936dd7a3384608b1f6	9436ccee41c01ca3cb4db55c10884615aba76d19	8170612574f914eec9e66902767b834432a75b1d6ae510f77546af2a291a48a2
f28af04ef0370addfebfdd31f1ec25ed	cfcfa995c15d9f33de21d0dd88d3b95d0f91d6bc	5326f52bd9a7a52759fe2fde3407dc28e8c2caa33abf1c09c47b192a1c004c12
f3bcad5358f89df1eb0294ef53f54437	eb036759beb28f86ee981bdca4fad24152b82d8c	6bafc7e2c7edc2167db187f50106e57b49d4a0e1b9269f1d8a40f824f2ccb42b
b1f6370582fbaf5c51e826fecef53cd7	4b2d0127699f708a8116bff8f25c9d6140033197	f7af51f1b2b98b482885b702508bd65d310108a506e6d8cef3986e69f972c67d
de785ed922d4e737dc0fa0bb30a4de8b	4d280105e724db851f03de8fc76409ef4057ff2c	bc214c74bdf6f6781f0de994750ba3c50c0e10d9db3483183bd47f5cef154509
7a296f7c1ac4aeee18d4c23476735be7	c13542310f7a4e50a78247fc7334096ca09c5d7f	ed1548744db512a5502474116828f75737aec8bb11133d5e4ad44be16aa3666b
37f18b38e1af6533d93bbb3f2ddb86dc	d3929331d9bc278dea5607aec1574012a08de861	cf9b6dda84cbf2dbfc6edd7a740f50bddc128842565c590d8126e5d93c024ff2
291de974e5cbe5e3d47e3d17487e027f	def93f18aaf146fe8f3c4f9a257364f181197608	21807d9fcaa91a0945e80d92778760e7856268883d36139a1ad29ab91f9d983d
99d59c862a082b207a868e409ce2d97c	908a9026d61717b5fa29959478a9bd939da9206f	0d22d3d637930e7c26a0f16513ec438243a8a01ea9c9d856acbcda61fcb7b499
d27125d534e398f1873b7f4835a79f09	1862f063c30cd02cfea6070d3dba41ac5eee2a35	6fbfc8319ed7996761b613c18c8cb6b92a1eaed1555dae6c6b8e2594ac5fa2b9
4534f2afe5f7df1d998f37ad4e35afeb	e2cc94e471509f9fa58620b8bb56d77f2cfe74b0	e8596675fef4ad8378e4220c22f4358fdb4a20531b59d7df5382c421867520a9
7ab0676262c681b8ec15bdada17d7476	2f1803d444891abb604864d476a8feac0d614f77	353e59e96cbf6ea6c16d06da5579d3815aaaeeefacabd7b35ba31f7b17207c5b
d7d3d23a5e796be844af443bda5cd67e	a9771c591f6ccc2f3419d571c64ab93228785771	85f9bf4d07bc2ac1891e367f077dd513d6ca07705bffd1b648d32a7b2dc396f5
0a1cd4efda7543cec406a6822418daf6	af4f8d889d6a2049e7a379ea197f8cd361feb074	614cb70659ef5bb2f641f09785adc4ab5873e0564a5303252d3c141a899253b2
23eda650479fc4908d0ddff713508025	b1e6527c10f68586f7f1a279ed439d46c3f12a06	fb3e0f1e6f53ffe680d66d2143f06eb6363897d374dc5dc63eb2f28188b8ad83
6607d8c1a28d7538e2a6565cf40d1260	f618879c011cde344066072949f025827feea663	594df9c402abfdc3c838d871c3395ac047f256b2ac2fd6ff66b371252978348d
caa7a669da39ffd8a3a4f3419018b363	44538b7f8f065e3cef0049089a8522a76a7fccc6	2dffe3ba5c70af51ddf0ff5a322eba0746f3bf3ae0751beb3dc0059ed3faaf3d
48b844494a746ca96c7b96d6bd90f45f	7bf83b98f798f3a8f4ce85b6d29554a435e516e3	45fba1ef399f41227ae4d14228253237b5eb464f56cab92c91a6a964dc790622
9c13ab7b79aec8dc02869999773cd4b2	4b4d865132329e0dd1d129e85fc4fa9ad0c1d206	774ef04333c3fb2a6a4407654e28c2900c62bd202ad6e5909336eb9bc180d279
450e5bf4b42691924d09267ac1a570cb	665a563157f4aa0033a15c88f55ac4fa28397b49	677035259ba8342f1a624fd09168c42017bdca9ebc0b39bf6c37852899331460
51104215a618a5f56ad9c884d6832f79	801580a46f9759ceeeebbce419d879e2ed6943fe	26ec12b63c0e4e60d839aea592c4b5dcff853589b53626e1dbf8c656f4ee6c64
73627cbe2ba139e2ec26889a4e8d6284	1116dc35993fce8118e1e5421000a70b6777433f	37efe10b04090995e2f3d9f932c3653b27a65fc76811fa583934a725d41a6b08
935f54b6609c5339001579e96dc34244	a809327d39fab61bfcfac0c97b1d4b3bfb9a2cfe	a5847867730e7849117c31cdae8bb0a25004635d49f366fbfaebce034d865d7d
ba681db97f283c2e784d9bb4969b1f5a	5d28acf52f399793e82ec7e79da47d372d9175d7	e61edbddf9aed8a52e9be1165a0440f1b6e9943ae634148df0d0517a0cf2db13
c1ab7b68262b5ab31c45327e7138fd25	b8c74327831e460d2b2a8eb7e68ee68938779d8d	746f0c02c832b079aec221c04d2a4eb790287f6d10d39b95595a7df4086f457f
f818938b987236cdd41195796b4c1fb5	bfed40f050175935277c802cbbbce132f44c06ec	b191a004b6d8a706aba82a2d1052bcb7bed0c286a0a6e4e0c4723f073af52e7c
0a1cd4efda7543cec406a6822418daf6	af4f8d889d6a2049e7a379ea197f8cd361feb074	614cb70659ef5bb2f641f09785adc4ab5873e0564a5303252d3c141a899253b2
d7d3d23a5e796be844af443bda5cd67e	a9771c591f6ccc2f3419d571c64ab93228785771	85f9bf4d07bc2ac1891e367f077dd513d6ca07705bffd1b648d32a7b2dc396f5
7ab0676262c681b8ec15bdada17d7476	2f1803d444891abb604864d476a8feac0d614f77	353e59e96cbf6ea6c16d06da5579d3815aaaeeefacabd7b35ba31f7b17207c5b
4534f2afe5f7df1d998f37ad4e35afeb	e2cc94e471509f9fa58620b8bb56d77f2cfe74b0	e8596675fef4ad8378e4220c22f4358fdb4a20531b59d7df5382c421867520a9
d27125d534e398f1873b7f4835a79f09	1862f063c30cd02cfea6070d3dba41ac5eee2a35	6fbfc8319ed7996761b613c18c8cb6b92a1eaed1555dae6c6b8e2594ac5fa2b9
99d59c862a082b207a868e409ce2d97c	908a9026d61717b5fa29959478a9bd939da9206f	0d22d3d637930e7c26a0f16513ec438243a8a01ea9c9d856acbcda61fcb7b499

MITRE ATT&CK TECHNIQUES

Zeppelin actors use the ATT&CK techniques listed in Table 2.

*Table 2: Zeppelin Actors Att&ck Techniques for Enterprise*
Initial Access
Technique Title	ID	Use
Exploit External Remote Services	T1133	Zeppelin actors exploit RDP to gain access to victim networks.
Exploit Public-Facing Application	T1190	Zeppelin actors exploit vulnerabilities in internet-facing systems to gain access to systems
Phishing	T1566	Zeppelin actors have used phishing and spear phishing to gain access to victims’ networks.
Execution
Technique Title	ID	Use
Malicious Link	T1204.001	Zeppelin actors trick users to click a malicious link to execute malicious macros.
Malicious File Attachment	T1204.002	Zeppelin actors trick users to click a malicious attachment disguised as advertisements to execute malicious macros.
Persistence
Technique Title	ID	Use
Modify System Process	T1543.003	Zeppelin actors encrypt Windows Operating functions to preserve compromised system functions.
Impact
Technique Title	ID	Use
Data Encrypted for Impact	T1486	Zeppelin actors have encrypted data on target systems or on large numbers of systems in a network to interrupt availability to system and network resources.

DETECTION

Download the YARA signature for Zeppelin: YARA Signature, .yar 125 kb

Mitigations

The FBI and CISA recommend network defenders apply the following mitigations to limit potential adversarial use of common system and network discovery techniques and to reduce the risk of compromise by Zeppelin ransomware:

Implement a recovery plan to maintain and retain multiple copies of sensitive or proprietary data and servers in a physically separate, segmented, and secure location (i.e., hard drive, storage device, the cloud).
Require all accounts with password logins (e.g., service account, admin accounts, and domain admin accounts) to comply with National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) standards for developing and managing password policies.
- Use longer passwords consisting of at least 8 characters and no more than 64 characters in length;
- Store passwords in hashed format using industry-recognized password managers;
- Add password user “salts” to shared login credentials;
- Avoid reusing passwords;
- Implement multiple failed login attempt account lockouts;
- Disable password “hints”;
- Refrain from requiring password changes more frequently than once per year. Note: NIST guidance suggests favoring longer passwords instead of requiring regular and frequent password resets. Frequent password resets are more likely to result in users developing password “patterns” cyber criminals can easily decipher.
- Require administrator credentials to install software.

Require multifactor authentication for all services to the extent possible, particularly for webmail, virtual private networks, and accounts that access critical systems.
Keep all operating systems, software, and firmware up to date. Timely patching is one of the most efficient and cost-effective steps an organization can take to minimize its exposure to cybersecurity threats. Prioritize patching SonicWall firewall vulnerabilities and known exploited vulnerabilities in internet-facing systems. Note: SonicWall maintains a vulnerability list that includes Advisory ID, CVE, and mitigation. Their list can be found at psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-list.
Segment networks to prevent the spread of ransomware. Network segmentation can help prevent the spread of ransomware by controlling traffic flows between—and access to—various subnetworks and by restricting adversary lateral movement.
Identify, detect, and investigate abnormal activity and potential traversal of the indicated ransomware with a networking monitoring tool. To aid in detecting the ransomware, implement a tool that logs and reports all network traffic, including lateral movement activity on a network. Endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools are particularly useful for detecting lateral connections as they have insight into common and uncommon network connections for each host.
Install, regularly update, and enable real time detection for antivirus software on all hosts.
Review domain controllers, servers, workstations, and active directories for new and/or unrecognized accounts.
Audit user accounts with administrative privileges and configure access controls according to the principle of least privilege.
Disable unused ports.
Consider adding an email banner to emails received from outside your organization.
Disable hyperlinks in received emails.
Implement time-based access for accounts set at the admin level and higher. For example, the Just-in-Time (JIT) access method provisions privileged access when needed and can support enforcement of the principle of least privilege (as well as the Zero Trust model). This is a process where a network-wide policy is set in place to automatically disable admin accounts at the Active Directory level when the account is not in direct need. Individual users may submit their requests through an automated process that grants them access to a specified system for a set timeframe when they need to support the completion of a certain task.
Disable command-line and scripting activities and permissions. Privilege escalation and lateral movement often depend on software utilities running from the command line. If threat actors are not able to run these tools, they will have difficulty escalating privileges and/or moving laterally.
Maintain offline backups of data, and regularly maintain backup and restoration. By instituting this practice, the organization ensures they will not be severely interrupted, and/or only have irretrievable data.
Ensure all backup data is encrypted, immutable (i.e., cannot be altered or deleted), and covers the entire organization’s data infrastructure.

RESOURCES

Stopransomware.gov is a whole-of-government approach that gives one central location for ransomware resources and alerts.
Resource to mitigate a ransomware attack: CISA-Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC) Joint Ransomware Guide.
No-cost cyber hygiene services: Cyber Hygiene Services and Ransomware Readiness Assessment.

REPORTING

The FBI is seeking any information that can be shared, to include boundary logs showing communication to and from foreign IP addresses, a sample ransom note, communications with Zeppelin actors, Bitcoin wallet information, decryptor files, and/or a benign sample of an encrypted file. The FBI and CISA do not encourage paying ransom as payment does not guarantee victim files will be recovered. Furthermore, payment may also embolden adversaries to target additional organizations, encourage other criminal actors to engage in the distribution of ransomware, and/or fund illicit activities. Regardless of whether you or your organization have decided to pay the ransom, the FBI and CISA urge you to promptly report ransomware incidents to a local FBI Field Office, CISA at us-cert.cisa.gov/report, or the U.S. Secret Service (USSS) at a USSS Field Office.

DISCLAIMER

The information in this report is being provided “as is” for informational purposes only. CISA and the FBI do not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by CISA or the FBI.

References

[1] What is Zeppelin Ransomware? Steps to Prepare, Respond, and Prevent Infection (coresecurity.com)

Revisions

August 11, 2022: Initial Version

This product is provided subject to this Notification and this Privacy & Use policy.

Security

InfoStealer Script Based on Curl and NSudo, (Thu, Aug 11th)

August 11, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

If sudo[1] is a well known tool used daily by most UNIX system administrators, NSudo[2] remains less below the radar. This is a tool running on Microsoft Windows which allows you to execute processes with different access tokens and privileges like:

Powershell

Archive Module 2.0 Preview 2

August 10, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

We are excited to announce that the second preview of a rewrite of Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive, the module that lets you create and extract archives, is now available on the PowerShell Gallery.

This release is the second preview release of a rewrite of the module and is not feature complete. Please note that this release is only compatible with PowerShell 7.3.0-preview5 and up. For more information on what is proposed in this rewrite, or to give feedback on the design please refer to the RFC.

Installing the module

Please note that this release will only work with PowerShell 7.3.0-preview5 and up. Find and install the latest preview version of PowerShell here.

To install the Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive 2.0 preview 2 using PowerShellGet 2.2.5 run the following command

Install-Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive -AllowPrerelease

To install the Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive 2.0 preview 2 using PowerShellGet 3.0 previews run the following command

Install-PSResource Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive -Prerelease

Features of the release

This release contains the rewrite of the Expand-Archive cmdlet.

This cmdlet contains two parameter sets

Expand-Archive [-Path] <string> [[-DestinationPath] <string>] [-WriteMode {Create | Update | Overwrite}] [-PassThru] [-Filter <string[]>] [-WhatIf] [-Confirm] [<CommonParameters>]

Expand-Archive [-LiteralPath <string>] [-DestinationPath] <string>]  [-WriteMode {Create | Update | Overwrite}] [-PassThru] [-Filter <string[]>] [-WhatIf] [-Confirm] [<CommonParameters>]

Some features to note of this release

Added -WriteMode parameter to Expand-Archive
Added support for zip64
Fixed a bug where the entry names of files in a directory would not be correct when compressing an archive

Features of the next release

The next release will focus on additional features of the module. To track the progress of this release, look at this project in our GitHub repository.

Giving Feedback and Getting support

While we hope the new implementation provides a much better user experience, there are bound to be issues. Please let us know if you run into anything.

If you encounter any issues with the module or have feature requests, the best place to get support is through our GitHub repository.

Sydney

PowerShell Team

The post Archive Module 2.0 Preview 2 appeared first on PowerShell Team.

AWS

Welcome to AWS Storage Day 2022

August 10, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

We are on the fourth year of our annual AWS Storage Day! Do you remember our first Storage Day 2019 and the subsequent Storage Day 2020? I watched Storage Day 2021, which was streamed live from downtown Seattle. We continue to hear from our customers about how powerful the Storage Day announcements and educational sessions were. With this year’s lineup, we aim to share our insights on how to protect your data and put it to work. The free Storage Day 2022 virtual event is happening now on the AWS Twitch channel. Tune in to hear from experts about new announcements, leadership insights, and educational content related to the broad portfolio of AWS Storage services.

Our customers are looking to reduce and optimize storage costs, while building the cloud storage skills they need for themselves and for their organizations. Furthermore, our customers want to protect their data for resiliency and put their data to work. In this blog post, you will find our insights and announcements that address all these needs and more.

Let’s get into it…

Protect Your Data
Data protection has become an operational model to deliver the resiliency of applications and the data they rely on. Organizations use the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) cybersecurity framework and its Identify->Protect->Detect->Respond->Recover process to approach data protection overall. It’s necessary to consider data resiliency and recovery upfront in the Identify and Protect functions, so there is a plan in place for the later Respond and Recover functions.

AWS is making data resiliency, including malware-type recovery, table stakes for our customers. Many of our customers use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) for mission-critical applications. If you already use Amazon EBS and you regularly back up EBS volumes using EBS multi-volume snapshots, I have an announcement that you will find very exciting.

Amazon EBS
Amazon EBS scales fast for the most demanding, high-performance workloads, and this is why our customers trust Amazon EBS for critical applications such as SAP, Oracle, and Microsoft. Currently, Amazon EBS enables you to back up volumes at any time using EBS Snapshots. Snapshots retain the data from all completed I/O operations, allowing you to restore the volume to its exact state at the moment before backup.

Many of our customers use snapshots in their backup and disaster recovery plans. A common use case for snapshots is to create a backup of a critical workload such as a large database or ﬁle system. You can choose to create snapshots of each EBS volume individually or choose to create multi-volume snapshots of the EBS volumes attached to a single Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) instance. Our customers love the simplicity and peace of mind that comes with regularly backing up EBS volumes attached to a single EC2 instance using EBS multi-volume snapshots, and today we’re announcing a new feature—crash consistent snapshots for a subset of EBS volumes.

Previously, when you wanted to create multi-volume snapshots of EBS volumes attached to a single Amazon EC2 instance, if you only wanted to include some—but not all—attached EBS volumes, you had to make multiple API calls to keep only the snapshots you wanted. Now, you can choose speciﬁc volumes you want to exclude in the create-snapshots process using a single API call or by using the Amazon EC2 console, resulting in signiﬁcant cost savings. Crash consistent snapshots for a subset of EBS volumes is also supported by Amazon Data Lifecycle Manager policies to automate the lifecycle of your multi-volume snapshots.

This feature is now available to you at no additional cost. To learn more, please visit the EBS Snapshots user guide.

Put Your Data to Work
We give you controls and tools to get the greatest value from your data—at an organizational level down to the individual data worker and scientist. Decisions you make today will have a long-lasting impact on your ability to put your data to work. Consider your own pace of innovation and make sure you have a cloud provider that will be there for you no matter what the future brings. AWS Storage provides the best cloud for your traditional and modern applications. We support data lakes in AWS Storage, analytics, machine learning (ML), and streaming on top of that data, and we also make cloud benefits available at the edge.

Amazon File Cache (Coming Soon)
Today we are also announcing Amazon File Cache, an upcoming new service on AWS that accelerates and simplifies hybrid cloud workloads. Amazon File Cache provides a high-speed cache on AWS that makes it easier for you to process file data, regardless of where the data is stored. Amazon File Cache serves as a temporary, high-performance storage location for your data stored in on-premises file servers or in file systems or object stores in AWS.

This new service enables you to make dispersed data sets available to file-based applications on AWS with a unified view and at high speeds with sub-millisecond latencies and up to hundreds of GB/s of throughput. Amazon File Cache is designed to enable a wide variety of cloud bursting workloads and hybrid workflows, ranging from media rendering and transcoding, to electronic design automation (EDA), to big data analytics.

Amazon File Cache will be generally available later this year. If you are interested in learning more about this service, please sign up for more information.

AWS Transfer Family
During Storage Day 2020, we announced that customers could deploy AWS Transfer Family server endpoints in Amazon Virtual Private Clouds (Amazon VPCs). AWS Transfer Family helps our customers easily manage and share data with simple, secure, and scalable file transfers. With Transfer Family, you can seamlessly migrate, automate, and monitor your file transfer workflows into and out of Amazon S3 and Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) using the SFTP, FTPS, and FTP protocols. Exchanged data is natively accessible in AWS for processing, analysis, and machine learning, as well as for integrations with business applications running on AWS.

On July 26th of this year, Transfer Family launched support for the Applicability Statement 2 (AS2) protocol. Customers across verticals such as healthcare and life sciences, retail, financial services, and insurance that rely on AS2 for exchanging business-critical data can now use AWS Transfer Family’s highly available, scalable, and globally available AS2 endpoints to more cost-effectively and securely exchange transactional data with their trading partners.

With a focus on helping you work with partners of your choice, we are excited to announce the AWS Transfer Family Delivery Program as part of the AWS Partner Network (APN) Service Delivery Program (SDP). Partners that deliver cloud-native Managed File Transfer (MFT) and business-to-business (B2B) file exchange solutions using AWS Transfer Family are welcome to join the program. Partners in this program meet a high bar, with deep technical knowledge, experience, and proven success in delivering Transfer Family solutions to our customers.

Five New AWS Storage Learning Badges
Earlier I talked about how our customers are looking to add the cloud storage skills they need for themselves and for their organizations. Currently, storage administrators and practitioners don’t have an easy way of externally demonstrating their AWS storage knowledge and skills. Organizations seeking skilled talent also lack an easy way of validating these skills for prospective employees.

In February 2022, we announced digital badges aligned to Learning Plans for Block Storage and Object Storage on AWS Skill Builder. Today, we’re announcing ﬁve additional storage learning badges. Three of these digital badges align to the Skill Builder Learning Plans in English for File, Data Protection & Disaster Recovery (DPDR), and Data Migration. Two of these badges—Core and Technologist—are tiered badges that are awarded to individuals who earn a series of Learning Plan-related badges in the following progression:

To learn more, please visit the AWS Learning Badges page.

Well, That’s It!
As I’m sure you’ve picked up on the pattern already, today’s announcements focused on continuous innovation and AWS’s ongoing commitment to providing the cloud storage training that your teams are looking for. Best of all, this AWS training is free. These announcements also focused on simplifying your data migration to the cloud, protecting your data, putting your data to work, and cost-optimization.

Now Join Us Online
Register for free and join us for the AWS Storage Day 2022 virtual event on the AWS channel on Twitch. The event will be live from 9:00 AM Pacific Time (12:00 PM Eastern Time) on August 10. All sessions will be available on demand approximately 2 days after Storage Day.

We look forward to seeing you on Twitch!

– Veliswa x

Security

And Here They Come Again: DNS Reflection Attacks, (Wed, Aug 10th)

August 10, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

I know I have written about this same attack before [see here]. But well, it just doesn't stop. There has been a continuous stream of these requests to our sensors ever since. Some of the currently preferred queries used:

ANY? peacecorps.gov. (the irony… but look at the record. It is asking for amplification. It seems like they built it to max out EDNS0)
ANY? sl.

Current targets appear to be a couple of networks in Brazil. I am not aware of any particular valuable sites being hosted by them.

But the systems they are hitting with these persistent attacks are not even acting as DNS servers anymore (and haven't been open reflectors for years). All they do with their queries is pollute the internet without effect, like throwing a candy wrapper in a stream with the candy still in it.

Either way. Let's use this to review a quick checklist on proper DNS server configuration:

1. Have Distinct Authoritative and Recursive Name Server

Authoritative name servers will answer queries from anybody for specific zones. Keep them in the cloud and forget about the details. Recursive servers will answer any query from a particular constituency. Keep them inside your network, make them forward queries to a resolver of your choice, and monitor them closely.

Having an internal recursive resolver and tightly restricting outbound DNS traffic can be an invaluable detection and response resource (e.g., Pi-Hole for home use). You may gain a bit of speed by forwarding queries to a resolver like '8.8.8.8' or similar instead of resolving it recursively. It also makes your firewall configuration easier.

2. Diversity of Your Authoritative Name Servers

I mentioned putting them into the cloud. I meant to say: At least two clouds. And come up with a secure way to manage them. Let me know what tricks you have to make this work for you.

3. Use DNSSEC at your own risk

I do not say, "do not use it." But if you do: Make sure you halfway understand how it works and what it does. I use DNSSEC on some of my domains, and due to me not understanding it well, I had some outages (for example, for dshield.org) in the past.

4. Monitor Your Domains

Someone intentionally or not making unauthorized changes to your domain/zone can cause some interesting issues. If you like "interesting,": go for it. If you want to keep your job, get paid, and not work too much overtime: Put some monitoring in place to alert you about changes. The monitoring system can do simple periodic zone transfers and look for changes. Do not just rely on the serial number.

5. Do not overload DNS with other crap

Sometimes, people abuse DNS as a database. It is not a database and never was built to be used as one. If you insist: Use a distinct domain and infrastructure. Oh. It can be pretty, fast, and reliable. Until it is not.

6. DNS is not "set it and forget it."

DNS is pretty low maintenance in most configurations. But remember to keep things up to date and do a thorough configuration review from time to time. DNS is one of those services suffering from the death of thousand cuts: You tend to make lots of little "inconsequential" changes that pile up to something that just no longer works.

7. And finally… remember:

DNS haiku: It's not DNS There's no way it's DNS It was DNS

(Image from https://www.cyberciti.biz/humour/a-haiku-about-dns/ )

—
Johannes B. Ullrich, Ph.D. , Dean of Research, SANS.edu
Twitter|

(c) SANS Internet Storm Center. https://isc.sans.edu Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License.

Security

Microsoft August 2022 Patch Tuesday, (Tue, Aug 9th)

August 9, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

This month we got patches for 141 vulnerabilities. Of these, 17 are critical, 2 were previously disclosed, and one is already being exploited, according to Microsoft.

AWS

AWS Week in Review – August 8, 2022

August 8, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

As an ex-.NET developer, and now Developer Advocate for .NET at AWS, I’m excited to bring you this week’s Week in Review post, for reasons that will quickly become apparent! There are several updates, customer stories, and events I want to bring to your attention, so let’s dive straight in!

Last Week’s launches
.NET developers, here are two new updates to be aware of—and be sure to check out the events section below for another big announcement:

Developers refactoring applications to a microservice-based architecture should look at new automated recommendations in the AWS Microservice Extractor for .NET that help identify code suitable to refactor as a microservice. Now, instead of developers needing to identify and group classes for extraction, Microservice Extractor identifies common extraction candidates and highlights those in its built-in visualization of an application’s source code. You can use the recommendations as is, or adopt them as a starting point to extract microservices off of a monolithic codebase.
If your application development requires Microsoft Visual Studio 2022, you can now launch on-demand license-included images for Visual Studio 2022 Professional or Enterprise editions on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2). The new images make it easy for license administrators to manage and change end-user access to this development environment, when required for projects, via AWS License Manager with no long-term licensing commitments.

Tiered pricing for AWS Lambda will interest customers running large workloads on Lambda. The tiers, based on compute duration (measured in GB-seconds), help you save on monthly costs—automatically. Find out more about the new tiers, and see some worked examples showing just how they can help reduce costs, in this AWS Compute Blog post by Heeki Park, a Principal Solutions Architect for Serverless.

Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) released updates for several popular database engines:

RDS for Oracle now supports the April 2022 patch.
RDS for PostgreSQL now supports new minor versions. Besides the version upgrades, there are also updates for the PostgreSQL extensions pglogical, pg_hint_plan, and hll.
RDS for MySQL can now enforce SSL/TLS for client connections to your databases to help enhance transport layer security. You can enforce SSL/TLS by simply enabling the require_secure_transport parameter (disabled by default) via the Amazon RDS Management console, the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), AWS Tools for PowerShell, or using the API. When you enable this parameter, clients will only be able to connect if an encrypted connection can be established.

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) expanded availability of the latest generation storage-optimized Is4gen and Im4gn instances to the Asia Pacific (Sydney), Canada (Central), Europe (Frankfurt), and Europe (London) Regions. Built on the AWS Nitro System and powered by AWS Graviton2 processors, these instance types feature up to 30 TB of storage using the new custom-designed AWS Nitro System SSDs. They’re ideal for maximizing the storage performance of I/O intensive workloads that continuously read and write from the SSDs in a sustained manner, for example SQL/NoSQL databases, search engines, distributed file systems, and data analytics.

Lastly, there’s a new URL from AWS Support API to use when you need to access the AWS Support Center console. I recommend bookmarking the new URL, https://support.console.aws.amazon.com/, which the team built using the latest architectural standards for high availability and Region redundancy to ensure you’re always able to contact AWS Support via the console.

For a full list of AWS announcements, be sure to keep an eye on the What’s New at AWS page.

Other AWS News
Here’s some other news items and customer stories that you may find interesting:

AWS Open Source News and Updates – Catch up on all the latest open-source projects, tools, and demos from the AWS community in installment #123 of the weekly open source newsletter.

In one recent AWS on Air livestream segment from AWS re:MARS, discussing the increasing scale of machine learning (ML) models, our guests mentioned billion-parameter ML models which quite intrigued me. As an ex-developer, my mental model of parameters is a handful of values, if that, supplied to methods or functions—not billions. Of course, I’ve since learned they’re not the same thing! As I continue my own ML learning journey I was particularly interested in reading this Amazon Science blog on 20B-parameter Alexa Teacher Models (AlexaTM). These large-scale multilingual language models can learn new concepts and transfer knowledge from one language or task to another with minimal human input, given only a few examples of a task in a new language.

When developing games intended to run fully in the cloud, what benefits might there be in going fully cloud-native and moving the entire process into the cloud? Find out in this customer story from Return Entertainment, who did just that to build a cloud-native gaming infrastructure in a few months, reducing time and cost with AWS services.

Upcoming events
Check your calendar and sign up for these online and in-person AWS events:

AWS Storage Day: On August 10, tune into this virtual event on twitch.tv/aws, 9:00 AM–4.30 PM PT, where we’ll be diving into building data resiliency into your organization, and how to put data to work to gain insights and realize its potential, while also optimizing your storage costs. Register for the event here.

AWS Global Summits: These free events bring the cloud computing community together to connect, collaborate, and learn about AWS. Registration is open for the following AWS Summits in August:

AWS Summit Anaheim, August 18, at Anaheim Convention Center, Anaheim, California, USA.
AWS Summit Chicago, August 25, at McCormick Place, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
AWS Summit Canberra, August 31, at the National Convention Center, Canberra, Australia.

AWS .NET Enterprise Developer Days 2022 – North America: Registration for this free, 2-day, in-person event and follow-up 2-day virtual event opened this past week. The in-person event runs September 7–8, at the Palmer Events Center in Austin, Texas. The virtual event runs September 13–14. AWS .NET Enterprise Developer Days (.NET EDD) runs as a mini-conference within the DeveloperWeek Cloud conference (also in-person and virtual). Anyone registering for .NET EDD is eligible for a free pass to DeveloperWeek Cloud, and vice versa! I’m super excited to be helping organize this third .NET event from AWS, our first that has an in-person version. If you’re a .NET developer working with AWS, I encourage you to check it out!

That’s all for this week. Be sure to check back next Monday for another Week in Review roundup!

— Steve

This post is part of our Week in Review series. Check back each week for a quick roundup of interesting news and announcements from AWS!

Powershell

Announcing the release of Get-WhatsNew

August 8, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

We are pleased to announce the release of Get-WhatsNew, a cmdlet that delivers feature
information about new versions of PowerShell to your local terminal experience.

Stay informed with Get-WhatsNew

Between General Availability (GA), Long-Term Servicing (LTS), and Previews release, PowerShell ships
updates several times a year. At this pace, PowerShell users may become unaware of new features and
changes that improve automation, performance and security. Today, this information is provided through
release notes and the PowerShell
GitHub repository. Get-WhatsNew enables you to:

Learn about new features that enable new solutions
Get version-specific information to make upgrade decisions
View the information in disconnected scenarios (data ships with module)
View the information in Windows PowerShell 5.1 and higher
Get information for a single random feature for a message-of-the-day (MOTD) experience
Quickly open the release notes on the web version using the Online option

Installing WhatsNew

The Get-WhatsNew cmdlet ships in the
Microsoft.PowerShell.WhatsNew
module, which can be installed from the PowerShell Gallery.

Requirements:

Microsoft.PowerShell.WhatsNew is a cross platform module that requires Windows PowerShell 5.1
or higher

To install Microsoft.PowerShell.WhatsNew:

Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerShell.WhatsNew

To install Microsoft.PowerShell.WhatsNew using the new
PowerShellGet.v3

Install-PSResource -Name Microsoft.PowerShell.WhatsNew

Using Get-WhatsNew

Get-WhatsNew displays PowerShell features by version. The cmdlet includes
complete help with several examples. Here are some highlights to get started:

To get the complete help information for Get-WhatsNew

Get-Help Get-WhatsNew -Full

To display the release notes for the version of PowerShell in which the cmdlet is running.

Get-WhatsNew

To display the release notes for PowerShell 7.2 regardless of which version the cmdlet is running.

Get-WhatsNew -Version 7.2

To display one randomly selected section of the release notes per version of PowerShell selected.
Add this to your profile to receive a Message-Of-The-Day (motd).

Get-WhatsNew -Daily -Version 6.0, 7.0, 7.1, 7.2

Future plans

We value your ideas and feedback and hope you will give WhatsNew a try. Stop by our
GitHub repository and let us know of any issues you find
or features you would like added.

The post Announcing the release of Get-WhatsNew appeared first on PowerShell Team.

Security

JSON All the Logs!, (Mon, Aug 8th)

August 8, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

My recent obsession has been creating all of my logs in JSON format. The reasons for that are pretty simple: I like to log with Elasticsearch, so creating JSON formatted logs makes working with Elasticsearch easier. Command line tools like 'jq' make parsing JSON logs on the command line simpler than "good old" standard Syslog format and a string of 'cut,' 'sed,' and 'awk' commands.

Security

AA22-216A: 2021 Top Malware Strains

August 4, 2022 David Leave a comment

This post was originally published on this site

Original release date: August 4, 2022

Summary

Immediate Actions You Can Take Now to Protect Against Malware:

• Patch all systems and prioritize patching known exploited vulnerabilities.
• Enforce multifactor authentication (MFA).
• Secure Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) and other risky services.
• Make offline backups of your data.
• Provide end-user awareness and training about social engineering and phishing.

This joint Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) was coauthored by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC). This advisory provides details on the top malware strains observed in 2021. Malware, short for “malicious software,” can compromise a system by performing an unauthorized function or process. Malicious cyber actors often use malware to covertly compromise and then gain access to a computer or mobile device. Some examples of malware include viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, spyware, and rootkits.[1]

In 2021, the top malware strains included remote access Trojans (RATs), banking Trojans, information stealers, and ransomware. Most of the top malware strains have been in use for more than five years with their respective code bases evolving into multiple variations. The most prolific malware users are cyber criminals, who use malware to deliver ransomware or facilitate theft of personal and financial information.

CISA and ACSC encourage organizations to apply the recommendations in the Mitigations sections of this joint CSA. These mitigations include applying timely patches to systems, implementing user training, securing Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP), patching all systems especially for known exploited vulnerabilities, making offline backups of data, and enforcing multifactor authentication (MFA).

Download the PDF version of this report: pdf, 489 kb

Technical Details

Key Findings

The top malware strains of 2021 are: Agent Tesla, AZORult, Formbook, Ursnif, LokiBot, MOUSEISLAND, NanoCore, Qakbot, Remcos, TrickBot and GootLoader.

Malicious cyber actors have used Agent Tesla, AZORult, Formbook, LokiBot, NanoCore, Remcos, and TrickBot for at least five years.
Malicious cyber actors have used Qakbot and Ursnif for more than a decade.

Updates made by malware developers, and reuse of code from these malware strains, contribute to the malware’s longevity and evolution into multiple variations. Malicious actors’ use of known malware strains offers organizations opportunities to better prepare, identify, and mitigate attacks from these known malware strains.
The most prolific malware users of the top malware strains are cyber criminals, who use malware to deliver ransomware or facilitate theft of personal and financial information.

Qakbot and TrickBot are used to form botnets and are developed and operated by Eurasian cyber criminals known for using or brokering botnet-enabled access to facilitate highly lucrative ransomware attacks. Eurasian cyber criminals enjoy permissive operating environments in Russia and other former Soviet republics.
According to U.S. government reporting, TrickBot malware often enables initial access for Conti ransomware, which was used in nearly 450 global ransomware attacks in the first half of 2021. As of 2020, malicious cyber actors have purchased access to systems compromised by TrickBot malware on multiple occasions to conduct cybercrime operations.
In 2021, cyber criminals conducted mass phishing campaigns with Formbook, Agent Tesla, and Remcos malware that incorporated COVID-19 pandemic themes to steal personal data and credentials from businesses and individuals.

In the criminal malware industry, including malware as a service (MaaS), developers create malware that malware distributors often broker to malware end-users.[2] Developers of these top 2021 malware strains continue to support, improve, and distribute their malware over several years. Malware developers benefit from lucrative cyber operations with low risk of negative consequences. Many malware developers often operate from locations with few legal prohibitions against malware development and deployment. Some developers even market their malware products as legitimate cyber security tools. For example, the developers of Remcos and Agent Tesla have marketed the software as legitimate tools for remote management and penetration testing. Malicious cyber actors can purchase Remcos and Agent Tesla online for low cost and have been observed using both tools for malicious purposes.

Top Malware

`Agent Tesla`

Overview: Agent Tesla is capable of stealing data from mail clients, web browsers, and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) servers. This malware can also capture screenshots, videos, and Windows clipboard data. Agent Tesla is available online for purchase under the guise of being a legitimate tool for managing your personal computer. Its developers continue to add new functionality, including obfuscation capabilities and targeting additional applications for credential stealing.[3][4]
Active Since: 2014
Malware Type: RAT
Delivery Method: Often delivered as a malicious attachment in phishing emails.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on Agent Tesla.

`AZORult`

Overview: AZORult is used to steal information from compromised systems. It has been sold on underground hacker forums for stealing browser data, user credentials, and cryptocurrency information. AZORult’s developers are constantly updating its capabilities.[5][6]
Active Since: 2016
Malware Type: Trojan
Delivery Method: Phishing, infected websites, exploit kits (automated toolkits exploiting known software vulnerabilities), or via dropper malware that downloads and installs AZORult.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on AZORult and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)’s AZORult brief.

`FormBook`

Overview: FormBook is an information stealer advertised in hacking forums. ForrmBook is capable of key logging and capturing browser or email client passwords, but its developers continue to update the malware to exploit the latest Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVS)[7], such as CVE-2021-40444 Microsoft MSHTML Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.[8][9]
Active Since: At least 2016
Malware Type: Trojan
Delivery Method: Usually delivered as an attachment in phishing emails.
Resources: See Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)’s Sector Note on Formbook Malware Phishing Campaigns.

`Ursnif`

Overview: Ursnif is a banking Trojan that steals financial information. Also known as Gozi, Ursnif has evolved over the years to include a persistence mechanism, methods to avoid sandboxes and virtual machines, and search capability for disk encryption software to attempt key extraction for unencrypting files.[10][11][12] Based on information from trusted third parties, Ursnif infrastructure is still active as of July 2022.
Active Since: 2007
Malware Type: Trojan
Delivery Method: Usually delivered as a malicious attachment to phishing emails.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on Ursnif.

`LokiBot`

Overview: LokiBot is a Trojan malware for stealing sensitive information, including user credentials, cryptocurrency wallets, and other credentials. A 2020 LokiBot variant was disguised as a launcher for the Fortnite multiplayer video game.[13][14]
Active Since: 2015
Malware Type: Trojan
Delivery Method: Usually delivered as a malicious email attachment.
Resources: See CISA’s LokiBot Malware alert and the MITRE ATT&CK page on LokiBot.

`MOUSEISLAND`

Overview: MOUSEISLAND is usually found within the embedded macros of a Microsoft Word document and can download other payloads. MOUSEISLAND may be the initial phase of a ransomware attack.[15]
Active Since: At least 2019
Malware Type: Macro downloader
Delivery Method: Usually distributed as an email attachment.
Resources: See Mandiant’s blog discussing MOUSEISLAND.

`NanoCore`

Overview: NanoCore is used for stealing victims’ information, including passwords and emails. NanoCore could also allow malicious users to activate computers’ webcams to spy on victims. Malware developers continue to develop additional capabilities as plug-ins available for purchase or as a malware kit or shared amongst malicious cyber actors.[16][17][18]
Active Since: 2013
Malware Type: RAT
Delivery Method: Has been delivered in an email as an ISO disk image within malicious ZIP files; also found in malicious PDF documents hosted on cloud storage services.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on NanoCore and the HHS Sector Note: Remote Access Trojan Nanocore Poses Risk to HPH Sector.

`Qakbot`

Overview: originally observed as a banking Trojan, Qakbot has evolved in its capabilities to include performing reconnaissance, moving laterally, gathering and exfiltrating data, and delivering payloads. Also known as QBot or Pinksliplot, Qakbot is modular in nature enabling malicious cyber actors to configure it to their needs. Qakbot can also be used to form botnets.[19][20]
Active Since: 2007
Malware Type: Trojan
Delivery Method: May be delivered via email as malicious attachments, hyperlinks, or embedded images.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on Qakbot and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Qbot/Qakbot Malware brief.

`Remcos`

Overview: Remcos is marketed as a legitimate software tool for remote management and penetration testing. Remcos, short for Remote Control and Surveillance, was leveraged by malicious cyber actors conducting mass phishing campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic to steal personal data and credentials. Remcos installs a backdoor onto a target system. Malicious cyber actors then use the Remcos backdoor to issue commands and gain administrator privileges while bypassing antivirus products, maintaining persistence, and running as legitimate processes by injecting itself into Windows processes.[21][22]
Active Since: 2016
Malware Type: RAT
Delivery Method: Usually delivered in phishing emails as a malicious attachment.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on Remcos.

`TrickBot`

Overview: TrickBot malware is often used to form botnets or enabling initial access for the Conti ransomware or Ryuk banking trojan. TrickBot is developed and operated by a sophisticated group of malicious cyber actors and has evolved into a highly modular, multi-stage malware. In 2020, cyber criminals used TrickBot to target the Healthcare and Public Health (HPH) Sector and then launch ransomware attacks, exfiltrate data, or disrupt healthcare services. Based on information from trusted third parties, TrickBot’s infrastructure is still active in July 2022.[23][24][25][26]
Active Since: 2016
Malware Type: Trojan
Delivery Method: Usually delivered via email as a hyperlink.
Resources: See the MITRE ATT&CK page on Trickbot and the Joint CSA on TrickBot Malware.

`GootLoader`

Overview: GootLoader is a malware loader historically associated with the GootKit malware. As its developers updated its capabilities, GootLoader has evolved from a loader downloading a malicious payload into a multi-payload malware platform. As a loader malware, GootLoader is usually the first-stage of a system compromise. By leveraging search engine poisoning, GootLoader’s developers may compromise or create websites that rank highly in search engine results, such as Google search results.[27]
Active Since: At least 2020
Malware Type: Loader
Delivery Method: Malicious files available for download on compromised websites that rank high as search engine results
Resources: See New Jersey’s Cybersecurity & Communications Integration Cell (NJCCIC) page on GootLooader and BlackBerry’s Blog on GootLoader.

Mitigations

Below are the steps that CISA and ACSC recommend organizations take to improve their cybersecurity posture based on known adversary tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). CISA and ACSC urge critical infrastructure organizations to prepare for and mitigate potential cyber threats immediately by (1) updating software, (2) enforcing MFA, (3) securing and monitoring RDP and other potentially risky services, (4) making offline backups of your data, and (5) providing end-user awareness and training.

Update software, including operating systems, applications, and firmware, on IT network assets. Prioritize patching known exploited vulnerabilities and critical and high vulnerabilities that allow for remote code execution or denial-of-service on internet-facing equipment.
- Consider using a centralized patch management system.
- Consider signing up for CISA’s cyber hygiene services, including vulnerability scanning, to help reduce exposure to threats. CISA’s vulnerability scanning service evaluates external network presence by executing continuous scans of public, static IP addresses for accessible services and vulnerabilities.

Enforce MFA to the greatest extent possible and require accounts with password logins, including service accounts, to have strong passwords. Do not allow passwords to be used across multiple accounts or stored on a system to which an adversary may have access. Additionally, ACSC has issued guidance on implementing multifactor authentication for hardening authentication systems.
If you use RDP and/or other potentially risky services, secure and monitor them closely. RDP exploitation is one of the top initial infection vectors for ransomware, and risky services, including RDP, can allow unauthorized access to your session using an on-path attacker.
- Limit access to resources over internal networks, especially by restricting RDP and using virtual desktop infrastructure. After assessing risks, if RDP is deemed operationally necessary, restrict the originating sources, and require MFA to mitigate credential theft and reuse. If RDP must be available externally, use a virtual private network (VPN) or other means to authenticate and secure the connection before allowing RDP to connect to internal devices. Monitor remote access/RDP logs, enforce account lockouts after a specified number of attempts to block brute force attempts, log RDP login attempts, and disable unused remote access/RDP ports.
- Ensure devices are properly configured and that security features are enabled. Disable ports and protocols that are not being used for a business purpose (e.g., RDP Transmission Control Protocol Port 3389).

Maintain offline (i.e., physically disconnected) backups of data. Backup procedures should be conducted on a frequent, regular basis (at a minimum every 90 days). Regularly test backup procedures and ensure that backups are isolated from network connections that could enable the spread of malware.
- Ensure the backup keys are kept offline as well, to prevent them being encrypted in a ransomware incident.
- Ensure all backup data is encrypted, immutable (i.e., cannot be altered or deleted), and covers the entire organization’s data infrastructure with a particular focus on key data assets.

Provide end-user awareness and training to help prevent successful targeted social engineering and spearphishing campaigns. Phishing is one of the top infection vectors for ransomware.
- Ensure that employees are aware of potential cyber threats and delivery methods.
- Ensure that employees are aware of what to do and whom to contact when they receive a suspected phishing email or suspect a cyber incident.

As part of a longer-term effort, implement network segmentation to separate network segments based on role and functionality. Network segmentation can help prevent the spread of ransomware and threat actor lateral movement by controlling traffic flows between—and access to—various subnetworks. The ACSC has observed ransomware and data theft incidents in which Australian divisions of multinational companies were impacted by ransomware incidents affecting assets maintained and hosted by offshore divisions outside their control.

`RESOURCES`

For alerts on malicious and criminal cyber activity, see the FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center webpage.
For more information and resources on protecting against and responding to ransomware, refer to StopRansomware.gov, a centralized, U.S. Government webpage providing ransomware resources and alerts.
The ACSC recommends organizations implement eight essential mitigation strategies from the ACSC’s Strategies to Mitigate Cyber Security Incidents as a cybersecurity baseline. These strategies, known as the “Essential Eight,” make it much harder for adversaries to compromise systems.
Refer to the ACSC’s practical guides on how to protect yourself against ransomware attacks and what to do if you are held at ransom at cyber.gov.au.

`DISCLAIMER`

The information in this report is being provided “as is” for informational purposes only. CISA and ACSC do not endorse any commercial product or service, including any subjects of analysis. Any reference to specific commercial products, processes, or services by service mark, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring.

`APPENDIX: SNORT SIGNATURES FOR THE TOP 2021 MALWARE`

Malware	Snort Detection Signature
Agent Tesla	alert any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP GET request /aw/aw.exe”; flow:established,to_server; sid:1; rev:1; content:”GET”; http_method; content:”/aw/aw.exe”; http_uri; reference:url, https://www.datto.com/blog/what-is-agent-tesla-spyware-and-how-does-it-work; metadata:service http;)
AZORult	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Server Content Data contains ‘llehS\|2e\|tpircSW'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,from_server; file_data; content:”llehS\|2e\|tpircSW”; nocase; fast_pattern:only; pcre:”/GCM(?:x20\|%20)W-O/i”; reference:url,maxkersten.nl/binary-analysis-course/malware-analysis/azorult-loader-stages/; metadata:service http;)
AZORult	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP POST Client Body contains ‘J/\|fb\|’ and ‘/\|fb\|'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”POST”; http_method; content:”.php”; http_uri; content:”J/\|fb\|”; http_client_body; fast_pattern; content:”/\|fb\|”; http_client_body; depth:11; content:!”Referer\|3a 20\|”; http_header; metadata:service http;)
FormBook	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI POST contains ‘&sql=1’ at the end”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”&sql=1″; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:”POST”; http_method; pcre:”/(?(DEFINE)(?’b64std'[a-zA-Z0-9+/=]+?))(?(DEFINE)(?’b64url'[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+?))^/[a-z0-9]{3,4}/?(?P>b64url){3,8}=(?P>b64std){40,90}&(?P>b64url){2,6}=(?P>b64url){4,11}&sql=1$/iU”; reference:url,www.malware-traffic-analysis.net/2018/02/16/index.html; metadata:service http;)
FormBook	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI GET/POST contains ‘/list/hx28/config.php?id='”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/list/hx28/config.php?id=”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:”Connection\|3a 20\|close\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; reference:url,www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2017/10/formbook-malware-distribution-campaigns.html; metadata:service http;)
Ursnif	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP POST Data contains .bin filename, long URI contains ‘/images/'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; urilen:>60,norm; content:”/images/”; http_uri; depth:8; content:”POST”; nocase; http_method; content:”Content-Disposition\|3a 20\|form-data\|3b 20\|name=\|22\|upload_file\|22 3b 20\|filename=\|22\|”; http_client_body; content:”\|2e\|bin\|22 0d 0a\|”; http_client_body; distance:1; within:32; fast_pattern; reference:url,www.broadanalysis.com/2016/03/23/angler-ek-sends-data-stealing-payload/; metadata:service http;)
Ursnif	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI GET/POST contains ‘/images/’ plus random sub directories and an Image File (Ursnif)”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/images/”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:!”Host: www.urlquery.net”; http_header; pcre:”//images(/(?=[a-z0-9_]{0,22}[A-Z][a-z0-9_]{0,22}[A-Z])(?=[A-Z0-9_]{0,22}[a-z])[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,24}){5,20}/[a-zA-Z0-9_]+.(?:gif\|jpeg\|jpg\|bmp)$/U”; metadata:service http)
LokiBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘User-Agent\|3a 20\|Mozilla/4.08 (Charon\|3b\| Inferno)'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”User-Agent\|3a 20\|Mozilla/4.08 (Charon\|3b\| Inferno)\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; fast_pattern:only; metadata:service http; )
LokiBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI POST contains ‘/*/fre.php’ post-infection”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/fre.php”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; urilen:<50,norm; content:”POST”; nocase; http_method; pcre:”//(?:alien\|lokyd\|donep\|jemp\|lokey\|new2\|loki\|Charles\|sev7n\|dbwork\|scroll/NW\|wrk\|job\|fived?\|donemy\|animationdkc\|love\|Masky\|vd\|lifetn\|Ben)/fre.php$/iU”; metadata:service http;)
LokiBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI POST contains ‘/w.php/'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/w.php/”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:”POST”; nocase; http_method; pcre:”//w+/w.php/[a-z]{13}$/iU”; metadata:service http;)
MOUSEISLAND	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI GET contains ‘/assets/<8-80 hex>/<4-16 alnum>?<3-6 alnum>='”; sid:9206287; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/assets/”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:”HTTP/1.1\|0d 0a\|”; depth:256; content:!”\|0d 0a\|Cookie:”; content:!”\|0d 0a\|Referer:”; pcre:”//assets/[a-fA-F0-9/]{8,80}/[a-zA-Z0-9]{4,16}?[a-z0-9]{3,6}=/U”; metadata:service http;)
NanoCore	alert tcp any any -> any 25 (msg:”SMTP Attachment Filename ‘Packinglist-Invoice101.pps'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server,only_stream; content:”Content-Disposition\|3a 20\|attachment\|3b\|”; content:”Packinglist-Invoice101.pps”; nocase; distance:0; fast_pattern; pcre:”/Content-Dispositionx3ax20attachmentx3b[x20trn]+?(?:file)?name=x22?Packinglist-Invoice101.ppsx22*?/im”; reference:cve,2014-4114; reference:msb,MS14-060; reference:url,researchcenter.paloaltonetworks.com/2015/06/keybase-keylogger-malware-family-exposed/; reference:url,www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1017_Phishing_in_Plain_Sight-Body-FINAL.pdf; reference:url,www.fidelissecurity.com/sites/default/files/FTA_1017_Phishing_in_Plain_Sight-Appendix-FINAL.pdf;)
NanoCore	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘Host\|3a 20\|frankief hopto me’ (GenericKD/Kazy/NanoCore/Recam)”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”Host\|3a 20\|frankief\|2e\|hopto\|2e\|me\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; fast_pattern:only; metadata:service http;)
NanoCore	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP GET URI contains ‘FAD00979338′”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”GET”; http_method; content:”getPluginName.php?PluginID=FAD00979338″; fast_pattern; http_uri; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI GET /t?v=2&c= (Qakbot)”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/t?v=2&c=”; http_uri; depth:9; fast_pattern; reference:url,www.symantec.com/content/en/us/enterprise/media/security_response/whitepapers/w32_qakbot_in_detail.pdf;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any 21 (msg:”Possible FTP data exfiltration”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”STOR si_”; content:”.cb”; within:50; reference:url,attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1020; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/en/file/3104ff71bf880bc40d096eca7d1ccc3f762ea6cc89743c6fef744fd76d441d1b/analysis/; metadata:service ftp-ctrlchan;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”Malicious executable download attempt”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_client,established; file_type:MSEXE; file_data; content:”\|52 DB 91 CB FE 67 30 9A 8E 72 28 4F 1C A9 81 A1 AA BE AC 8D D9 AB E4 15 EF EA C6 73 89 9F CF 2E\|”; fast_pattern:only; reference:url,virustotal.com/#/file/ad815edc045c779628db3a3397c559ca08f012216dfac4873f11044b2aa1537b/detection; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP POST URI contains ‘odin/si.php?get&'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/odin/si.php?get&”; fast_pattern:only; http_uri; content:”news_slist”; http_uri; content:”comp=”; http_uri; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/en/file/478132b5c80bd41b8c11e5ed591fdf05d52e316d40f7c4abf4bfd25db2463dff/analysis/1464186685/; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI contains ‘/random750x750.jpg?x='”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/random750x750.jpg?x=”; fast_pattern:only; http_uri; content:”&y=”; http_uri; content:”Accept\|3a 20\|application/x-shockwave-flash, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, /\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; content:”Cache-Control\|3a 20\|no-cache\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; content:!”Accept-“; http_header; content:!”Referer”; http_header; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/en/file/1826dba769dad9898acd95d6bd026a0b55d0a093a267b481695494f3ab547088/analysis/1461598351/; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI contains ‘/datacollectionservice.php3′”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/datacollectionservice.php3″; fast_pattern:only; http_uri; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP header contains ‘Accept\|3a 20\|application/x-shockwave-flash, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, /\|0d 0a\|'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; urilen:30<>35,norm; content:”btst=”; http_header; content:”snkz=”; http_header; content:”Accept\|3a 20\|application/x-shockwave-flash, image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, /\|0d 0a\|”; fast_pattern:only; http_header; content:”Cache-Control\|3a 20\|no-cache\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; content:!”Connection”; http_header; content:!”Referer”; http_header; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/en/file/1826dba769dad9898acd95d6bd026a0b55d0a093a267b481695494f3ab547088/analysis/1461598351/; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any 21 (msg:”Possible ps_dump FTP exfil”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”ps_dump”; fast_pattern:only; pcre:”/ps_dump_[^_]+_[a-z]{5}d{4}x2Ekcb/smi”; reference:url,www.threatexpert.com/report.aspx?md5=8171d3223f89a495f98c4e3a65537b8f; metadata:service ftp;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any 21 (msg:”Possible seclog FTP exfil”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”seclog”; fast_pattern:only; pcre:”/seclog_[a-z]{5}d{4}_d{10}x2Ekcb/smi”; reference:url,www.threatexpert.com/report.aspx?md5=8171d3223f89a495f98c4e3a65537b8f; metadata:service ftp;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI contains ‘/cgi-bin/jl/jloader.pl'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/cgi-bin/jl/jloader.pl”; fast_pattern:only; http_uri; reference:url,www.threatexpert.com/report.aspx?md5=8171d3223f89a495f98c4e3a65537b8f; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI contains ‘/cgi-bin/clientinfo3.pl'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/cgi-bin/clientinfo3.pl”; fast_pattern:only; http_uri; reference:url,www.threatexpert.com/report.aspx?md5=8171d3223f89a495f98c4e3a65537b8f; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI contains ‘/u/updates.cb'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/u/updates.cb”; fast_pattern:only; http_uri; pcre:”/^Hostx3A[^rn]+((upd+)\|(adserv))/Hmi”; reference:url,www.threatexpert.com/report.aspx?md5=8171d3223f89a495f98c4e3a65537b8f; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP response content contains ‘\|47 65 74 46 69 6C 65 46 72 6F 6D 52 65 73 6F 75 72 63 65 73 28 29 3A 20 4C 6F 61 64 52 65 73 6F 75 72 63 65 28 29 20 66 61 69 6C 65 64\|'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_client,established; file_data; content:”\|47 65 74 46 69 6C 65 46 72 6F 6D 52 65 73 6F 75 72 63 65 73 28 29 3A 20 4C 6F 61 64 52 65 73 6F 75 72 63 65 28 29 20 66 61 69 6C 65 64\|”; fast_pattern:only; content:”\|47 65 74 46 69 6C 65 46 72 6F 6D 52 65 73 6F 75 72 63 65 73 28 29 3A 20 43 72 65 61 74 65 46 69 6C 65 28 29 20 66 61 69 6C 65 64\|”; content:”\|52 75 6E 45 78 65 46 72 6F 6D 52 65 73 28 29 20 73 74 61 72 74 65 64\|”; content:”\|73 7A 46 69 6C 65 50 61 74 68 3D\|”; content:”\|5C 25 75 2E 65 78 65\|”; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/en/file/23e72e8b5e7856e811a326d1841bd2ac27ac02fa909d0a951b0b8c9d1d6aa61c/analysis; metadata:service ftp-data,service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP POST URI contains ‘v=3&c='”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:to_server,established; content:”/t”; http_uri; content:”POST”; http_method; content:”v=3&c=”; depth:6; http_client_body; content:”==”; within:2; distance:66; http_client_body; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/en/file/3104ff71bf880bc40d096eca7d1ccc3f762ea6cc89743c6fef744fd76d441d1b/analysis/; metadata:service http;)
Qakbot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI GET contains ‘/<alpha>/595265.jpg'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/595265.jpg”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:”GET”; nocase; http_method; pcre:”/^/[a-z]{5,15}/595265.jpg$/U”; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/gui/file/3104ff71bf880bc40d096eca7d1ccc3f762ea6cc89743c6fef744fd76d441d1b/detection; metadata:service http;)
Remcos	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”Non-Std TCP Client Traffic contains ‘\|1b 84 d5 b0 5d f4 c4 93 c5 30 c2\|’ (Checkin #23)”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; dsize:<700; content:”\|1b 84 d5 b0 5d f4 c4 93 c5 30 c2\|”; depth:11; fast_pattern; content:”\|da b1\|”; distance:2; within:2; reference:url,blog.trendmicro.com/trendlabs-security-intelligence/analysis-new-remcos-rat-arrives-via-phishing-email/; reference:url,isc.sans.edu/forums/diary/Malspam+using+passwordprotected+Word+docs+to+push+Remcos+RAT/25292/; reference:url,www.malware-traffic-analysis.net/2019/09/03/index.html; reference:url,www.malware-traffic-analysis.net/2017/10/27/index.html;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘host\|3a 20\|tpsci.com'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”host\|3a 20\|tpsci.com”; http_header; fast_pattern:only; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘User-Agent\|3a 20\|*Loader'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”User-Agent\|3a 20\|”; http_header; content:”Loader\|0d 0a\|”; nocase; http_header; distance:0; within:24; fast_pattern; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert udp any any <> any 53 (msg:”DNS Query/Response onixcellent com (UDP)”; sid:1; rev:1; content:”\|0B\|onixcellent\|03\|com\|00\|”; fast_pattern:only; reference:url,medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30; priority:1; metadata:service dns;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”SSL/TLS Server X.509 Cert Field contains ‘C=XX, L=Default City, O=Default Company Ltd'”; sid:1; rev:2; flow:established,from_server; ssl_state:server_hello; content:”\|31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02\|XX”; nocase; content:”\|31 15 30 13 06 03 55 04 07 13 0c\|Default City”; nocase; content:”\|31 1c 30 1a 06 03 55 04 0a 13 13\|Default Company Ltd”; nocase; content:!”\|31 0c 30 0a 06 03 55 04 03\|”; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/gui/file/e9600404ecc42cf86d38deedef94068db39b7a0fd06b3b8fb2d8a3c7002b650e/detection; metadata:service ssl;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”SSL/TLS Server X.509 Cert Field contains ‘C=AU, ST=Some-State, O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,from_server; ssl_state:server_hello; content:”\|31 0b 30 09 06 03 55 04 06 13 02\|AU”; content:”\|31 13 30 11 06 03 55 04 08 13 0a\|Some-State”; distance:0; content:”\|31 21 30 1f 06 03 55 04 0a 13 18\|Internet Widgits Pty Ltd”; distance:0; fast_pattern; content:”\|06 03 55 1d 13 01 01 ff 04 05 30 03 01 01 ff\|”; reference:url,www.virustotal.com/gui/file/e9600404ecc42cf86d38deedef94068db39b7a0fd06b3b8fb2d8a3c7002b650e/detection; metadata:service ssl;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘boundary=Arasfjasu7′”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”boundary=Arasfjasu7\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; content:”name=\|22\|proclist\|22\|”; http_header; content:!”Referer”; content:!”Accept”; content:”POST”; http_method; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘User-Agent\|3a 20\|WinHTTP loader/1.'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”User-Agent\|3a 20\|WinHTTP loader/1.”; http_header; fast_pattern:only; content:”.png\|20\|HTTP/1.”; pcre:”/^Hostx3ax20(?:d{1,3}.){3}d{1,3}(?:x3ad{2,5})?$/mH”; content:!”Accept”; http_header; content:!”Referer\|3a 20\|”; http_header; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Server Header contains ‘Server\|3a 20\|Cowboy'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,from_server; content:”200″; http_stat_code; content:”Server\|3a 20\|Cowboy\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; fast_pattern; content:”content-length\|3a 20\|3\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; file_data; content:”/1/”; depth:3; isdataat:!1,relative; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI POST contains C2 Exfil”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”Content-Type\|3a 20\|multipart/form-data\|3b 20\|boundary=——Boundary”; http_header; fast_pattern; content:”User-Agent\|3a 20\|”; http_header; distance:0; content:”Content-Length\|3a 20\|”; http_header; distance:0; content:”POST”; http_method; pcre:”/^/[a-z]{3}d{3}/.+?.[A-F0-9]{32}/d{1,3}//U”; pcre:”/^Hostx3ax20(?:d{1,3}.){3}d{1,3}$/mH”; content:!”Referer\|3a\|”; http_header; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP URI GET/POST contains ‘/56evcxv'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/56evcxv”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert icmp any any -> any any (msg:”ICMP traffic conatins ‘hanc'”; sid:1; rev:1; itype:8; icode:0; dsize:22; content:”hanc”; depth:4; fast_pattern; pcre:”/hanc[0-9a-f]{16}../i”; reference:url,labs.sentinelone.com/anchor-project-for-trickbot-adds-icmp/;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains POST with ‘host\|3a 20\|*.onion.link’ and ‘data='”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”POST”; nocase; http_method; content:”host\|3a 20\|”; http_header; content:”.onion.link”; nocase; http_header; distance:0; within:47; fast_pattern; file_data; content:”data=”; distance:0; within:5; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any 80 -> any any (msg:”Non-Std TCP Client Traffic contains PowerView Script Download String”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,from_server; content:”PowerView.ps1″; content:”PSReflect/master/PSReflect.psm1″; fast_pattern:only; content:”function New-InMemoryModule”; metadata:service else-ports;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any 445 (msg:”Non-Std TCP Client SMB Traffic contains ‘44783m8uh77g818_nkubyhu5vfxxbh878xo6hlttkppzf28tsdu5kwppk_11c1jl'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”44783m8uh77g818_nkubyhu5vfxxbh878xo6hlttkppzf28tsdu5kwppk_11c1jl”; fast_pattern:only; metadata:service netbios-ssn,service and-ports;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any [80,443,8082] (msg:”Non-Std TCP Client Traffic contains ‘–aksgja8s8d8a8s97′”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”–aksgja8s8d8a8s97″; fast_pattern:only; content:”name=\|22\|proclist\|22\|”; metadata:service else-ports;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any (msg:”HTTP Client Header contains ‘User-Agent\|3a 20\|WinHTTP loader/1.0′”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”User-Agent\|3a 20\|WinHTTP loader/1.0\|0d 0a\|”; http_header; fast_pattern:only; pcre:”//t(?:oler\|able).png/U”; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any [443,8082] (msg:”Non-Std TCP Client Traffic contains ‘_W<digits>.'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”_W”; fast_pattern:only; pcre:”/_Wd{6,8}./”; metadata:service else-ports;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any [443,447] -> any any (msg:”SSL/TLS Server X.509 Cert Field contains ‘example.com’ (Hex)”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,from_server; ssl_state:server_hello; content:”\|0b\|example.com”; fast_pattern:only; content:”Global Security”; content:”IT Department”; pcre:”/(?:x09x00xc0xb9x3bx93x72xa3xf6xd2\|x00xe2x08xffxfbx7bx53x76x3d)/”; metadata:service ssl,service and-ports;)
TrickBot	alert tcp any any -> any any+F57 (msg:”HTTP URI GET contains ‘/anchor'”; sid:1; rev:1; flow:established,to_server; content:”/anchor”; http_uri; fast_pattern:only; content:”GET”; nocase; http_method; pcre:”/^/anchor_?.{3}/[w_-]+.[A-F0-9]+/?$/U”; metadata:service http;)
TrickBot	alert udp any any <> any 53 (msg:”DNS Query/Response kostunivo com (UDP)”; sid:1; rev:1; content:”\|09\|kostunivo\|03\|com\|00\|”; fast_pattern:only; reference:url,medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30; metadata:service dns;)
TrickBot	alert udp any any <> any 53 (msg:”DNS Query/Response chishir com (UDP)”; sid:1; rev:1; content:”\|07\|chishir\|03\|com\|00\|”; fast_pattern:only; reference:url,medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30; metadata:service dns;)
TrickBot	alert udp any any <> any 53 (msg:”DNS Query/Response mangoclone com (UDP)”; sid:1; rev:1; content:”\|0A\|mangoclone\|03\|com\|00\|”; fast_pattern:only; reference:url,medium.com/stage-2-security/anchor-dns-malware-family-goes-cross-platform-d807ba13ca30; metadata:service dns;)
GootLoader	No signature available.

References

Revisions

August 4, 2022: Initial Version

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Summary

Technical Details

Indicators of Compromise (IOC)

MITRE ATT&CK TECHNIQUES

DETECTION

Mitigations

RESOURCES

REPORTING

DISCLAIMER

References

Revisions

Installing the module

Features of the release

Features of the next release

Giving Feedback and Getting support

1. Have Distinct Authoritative and Recursive Name Server

2. Diversity of Your Authoritative Name Servers

3. Use DNSSEC at your own risk

4. Monitor Your Domains

5. Do not overload DNS with other crap

6. DNS is not "set it and forget it."

7. And finally… remember:

Stay informed with Get-WhatsNew

Installing WhatsNew

Using Get-WhatsNew

Future plans

Summary

Technical Details

Key Findings

Top Malware

Agent Tesla

AZORult

FormBook

Ursnif

LokiBot

MOUSEISLAND

NanoCore

Qakbot

Remcos

TrickBot

GootLoader

Mitigations

RESOURCES

DISCLAIMER

APPENDIX: SNORT SIGNATURES FOR THE TOP 2021 MALWARE

References

Revisions

Iron Castle Systems

`Agent Tesla`

`AZORult`

`FormBook`

`Ursnif`

`LokiBot`

`MOUSEISLAND`

`NanoCore`

`Qakbot`

`Remcos`

`TrickBot`

`GootLoader`

`RESOURCES`

`DISCLAIMER`

`APPENDIX: SNORT SIGNATURES FOR THE TOP 2021 MALWARE`